A Note on the Byzantine Palace at Thessaloniki

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Michael Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The City

There are several buildings at Thessaloniki that can be dated to the middle or second half of the fifth century A.D. and which have one feature in common, namely, the characteristic brick stamps illustrated in Figs, 1a and b. Bricks bearing these stamps occur in the following buildings: Acheiropoietos, the first phase of St. Demetrius, the city walls, and the second phase of the Rotunda. The conventional date for the Acheiropoietos basilica is c. 470 and for the first phase of St. Demetrius some time between 450 and 500. The dates usually given to the walls and the Rotunda are c. 380/390, but I have recently shown that the walls ought to be dated to around the middle of the fifth century and that phase two of the Rotunda belongs with the fifth-century churches. I hope to demonstrate that the Byzantine palace was also built at about the same period.

The Date of the Mosaics of the Rotunda at Thessaloniki

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The South ◽  
East And West ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In a recent important article on the mosaics of the basilica of St. Demetrius at Thessaloniki, R. S. Cormack proposes a list of churches in the city with mosaics ‘for which a late fifth century date must be considered.’ The list comprises the Acheiropoietos basilica, the first phase of the basilica of St. Demetrius, and Hosios David. The purpose of this article is to show that the mosaics of the second phase of the Rotunda (now known as the church of St. George) should be included in Cormack's list.The first thing to note about the Rotunda mosaics is that there has been less than unanimity concerning the date of their construction. Volbach, Lazarev and Cormack, amongst others, follow Dyggve and Torp in dating the mosaics to c. 400 or slightly earlier; Diehl and Dalton dated them to the fifth century, Weigand to the sixth and Holtzinger to the seventh or eighth century, all on largely stylistic grounds. What are obviously needed are some objective dating criteria, and these are to be found, not so much in the mosaics themselves, but rather in the building fabric and the furniture of the converted Rotunda. The conversion of the Rotunda, incidentally, consisted of the blocking of an opaion in the cupola and the addition of an ambulatory, a monumental entrance to the south, an apse to the east (Plate XXIII) and various subsidiary buildings to east and west. The mosaics were placed in the cupola and in the niches which connected the main body of the Rotunda with the ambulatory.

A Wolf in the City

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Arruzza
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

A Wolf in the City is a study of tyranny and of the tyrant’s soul in Plato’s Republic. It argues that Plato’s critique of tyranny is an intervention in an ancient debate concerning the sources of the crisis of Athenian democracy and the relation between political leaders and the demos in the last decades of the fifth century BCE. The book shows that Plato’s critique of tyranny should not be taken as a veiled critique of the Syracusan tyrannical regime but, rather, as an integral part of his critique of Athenian democracy. The book also offers an in-depth and detailed analysis of all three parts of the tyrant’s soul, and contends that this approach is necessary to both fully appraise the complex psychic dynamics taking place in the description of the tyrannical man and shed light on Plato’s moral psychology and its relation with his political theory.

scholarly journals Memories of migration? The ‘Anglo-Saxon’ burial costume of the fifth century AD

Antiquity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (370) ◽  
pp. 954-969
Author(s):  
James M. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

Jeremiah 7 and Flavius Josephus on the First Jewish War

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tucker S. Ferda
Keyword(s):  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical History ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City

Abstract Study of Josephus’ interpretation of the Bible has focused on the paraphrase in Antiquities, but Josephus continued to engage Scripture in his post-biblical history. This article contends that Josephus, like the authors of the synoptic gospels and later Jewish exegetes, saw the events of 66-70 C.E. through the lens of Jeremiah’s temple sermon (7:1-34). The accounts of Jesus ben Ananias and Josephus’ speech before the city walls, among other examples, show recourse to Jeremiah 7.

scholarly journals Comparing maternal genetic variation across two millennia reveals the demographic history of an ancient human population in southwest Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ottoni ◽  
Rita Rasteiro ◽  
Rinse Willet ◽  
Johan Claeys ◽  
Peter Talloen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Genetic Discontinuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Sample

More than two decades of archaeological research at the site of Sagalassos, in southwest Turkey, resulted in the study of the former urban settlement in all its features. Originally settled in late Classical/early Hellenistic times, possibly from the later fifth century BCE onwards, the city of Sagalassos and its surrounding territory saw empires come and go. The Plague of Justinian in the sixth century CE, which is considered to have caused the death of up to a third of the population in Anatolia, and an earthquake in the seventh century CE, which is attested to have devastated many monuments in the city, may have severely affected the contemporary Sagalassos community. Human occupation continued, however, and Byzantine Sagalassos was eventually abandoned around 1200 CE. In order to investigate whether these historical events resulted in demographic changes across time, we compared the mitochondrial DNA variation of two population samples from Sagalassos (Roman and Middle Byzantine) and a modern sample from the nearby town of Ağlasun. Our analyses revealed no genetic discontinuity across two millennia in the region and Bayesian coalescence-based simulations indicated that a major population decline in the area coincided with the final abandonment of Sagalassos, rather than with the Plague of Justinian or the mentioned earthquake.

scholarly journals Urinary fluoride excretion in children exposed to fluoride toothpaste and to different water fluoride levels in a tropical area of Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Delano Soares Forte ◽  
Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz ◽  
Fábio Correia Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urinary Fluoride ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Fluoride

The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary fluoride excretion of 2- to 7-year-old children exposed to different water fluoride concentrations in the city of Catolé do Rocha, PB, Brazil. Forty-two children were allocated to 3 groups according to the concentration of fluoride in the water: G1 (n=10; 0.5-1.0 ppm F), G2 (n=17; 1.1-1.5 ppm F) and G3 (n= 15; >1.51 ppm F). The study was carried out in two 1-week phases with 1-month interval between the moments of data collection: in the first phase, the children used a fluoride toothpaste (FT) (1,510 ppm F) for 1 week, whereas in the second phase a non-fluoride toothpaste (NFT) was used. The urine was collected in a 24-h period in each week-phase according to Marthaler's protocol. The urinary fluoride excretion data expressed as mean (SD) in µg/24 h were: G1-FT= 452.9 (290.2); G1-NFT= 435.1 (187.0); G2-FT= 451.4 (224.0); G2-NFT= 430.3 (352.5); G3-FT=592.3 (390.5); and G3-NFT=623.6 (408.7). There was no statistically significant difference between the water fluoride groups, and regardless of the week phase (ANOVA, p>0.05). The use of fluoride toothpaste (1,510 ppmF) did not promote an increase in urinary fluoride excretion. There was a trend, though not significant, as to the increase of urine fluoride concentration in relation to fluoride concentrations in the water. The excretion values suggest that some children are under risk to develop dental fluorosis and information about the appropriate use of fluoride is necessary in this area.

scholarly journals A strategy for the management of HIV/ AIDS in the health sector of the city of Johannesburg

Curationis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barnard ◽  
M. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Content Validity Index ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is posing major challenges to all sectors in South Africa, including the health sector of the city of Johannesburg. The health sector of the city of Johannesburg, as a result of the pandemic, is faced with increasing demands on its scarce resources at a time of major reform at local government level including transformation of the health sector. The overall objective of the study is to explore and describe a strategy for the management of HIV/AIDS by the health sector of the city of Johannesburg. An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative research design was utilized and the UNAIDS “Guide to the strategic planning process for a national response to HIV/AIDS” (1998), was employed to formulate the strategy. The content validity of the strategy was determined according to the process originally described by Lynn (1986) and adopted by Muller (in Booyens, 1998:607-609). The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase, the developmental phase, involved the exploration and description of the theoretical framework and the response to the pandemic, and formulation of a draft strategy. The second phase, the quantification phase, involved the assertion of the content of the strategy by a group of experts and determination of the content validity index (CV1). The final strategy focused on the following: to lead and facilitate intersectoral collaboration; to strengthen primary health care services to provide comprehensive community-based care; prevention of new infections; community mobilization towards prevention, non-discrimination and non stigmatization and empowerment of the health sector to deal with the AIDS .pandemic. The CVI results showed that the average content validity index determined during this study was adequate: full score (1.0) for acceptability and technical soundness, and 0.89 for feasibility and perceived affordability. The strategy formulated for the management of HI V/A1DS by the health sector of the city of Johannesburg is therefore acceptable, technically sound and feasible and perceived as affordable. It was finally recommended that the strategy be adopted for implementation within the health sector of the city of Johannesburg.

The Brain as Treasury and as Aqueduct

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-566
Author(s):  
Jessica Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City ◽  
The Brain

In late antique theological texts, metaphors of the brain were useful tools for talking about forms of governance: cosmic, political, and domestic; failed and successful; interior discipline and social control. These metaphors were grounded in a common philosophical analogy between the body and the city, and were also supported by the ancient medical concept of the brain as the source of the sensory and motor nerves. Often the brain was imagined as a monarch or civic official, governing the body from the head as from an acropolis or royal house. This article examines two unconventional metaphors of the brain in the work of the fifth-century Greco-Syrian bishop Theodoret of Cyrrhus—the brain as a treasure within the acropolis, and the brain as a node in an urban aqueduct—both of which adapt the structural metaphor of governance to reflect the changing political and economic circumstances of imperial Christianity. Drawing upon medical theories of the brain, Theodoret expands upon the conventional governance metaphor of brain function to encompass the economic and the spiritual responsibilities of the bishop-administrator. Just as architectural structures (acropolis, aqueduct) contain and distribute valuable resources (treasure, water) within the city, so the brain accumulates and redistributes nourishing substances (marrow, blood, pneuma) within the body; and just as the brain functions as a site for the transformation of material resources (body) into spiritual goods (mind), so the bishop stands as a point of mediation between earthly wealth and the treasures of heaven.

scholarly journals Excavations at the Jahānnamā complex: urban archaeology at Isfahan, Iran

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (355) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shojaee Esfahani ◽  
Ali Aarab ◽  
Elham Abdolmohammad Arab ◽  
Shadi Kalantar ◽  
Zeinab Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Iran ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Urban Archaeology ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City

Isfahan in central Iran was selected as a capital city by both the Seljuk (AD 1040–1157) and the Safavid (AD 1501–1722) dynasties. During the Safavid period, and under Shah Abbas I (AD 1571–1629) in particular, the city was greatly expanded with important new quarters including Naqsh-e Jahan Square (AD 1590–1595). Running north to south, a new avenue or boulevard called the Charbagh (Ḵiyābān-e Čahārbāğ) was also constructed (AD 1595–1596) (Figure 1), serving as both a leisure or tourist attraction outside the city walls, and to connect some of the new capital's institutions.

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