Pulkovo Observatory and the National Observatory Movement: An Historical Overview

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Steven J. Dick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
Pulkovo Observatory ◽  
Naval Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
National Governments

The patronage of national governments has played an important role in the history of astronomy, classically in the form of National Observatories. In this paper we 1) argue that the last three centuries have seen what we may call a “national observatory movement,” in that national governments during this period increasingly supported astronomical observatories, and in that such institutions share certain common properties of origin, purpose and evolution; 2) demonstrate the important role that Pulkovo Observatory has played in this movement; and 3) compare certain aspects of the Pulkovo Observatory and the United States Naval Observatory as exemplars of this species founded within a decade of each other under very different political conditions.

Origins and History of The Satanic Temple

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Laycock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
The United States ◽  
After School ◽  
National Council ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a historical overview of The Satanic Temple from its foundation as a political action held in Tallahassee, Florida, in 2013 to the formation of a National Council with a physical headquarters and a system of chapters throughout the United States and abroad. The chapter describes the formation of the religion’s creed (The Seven Tenets), its campaign to prevent corporal punishment in public schools, its campaign to implement an After School Satan Club (ASSC) in schools throughout the United States, and its attempt to install a Satanic monument to honor military veterans at a park in Belle Plaine, Minnesota.

Us Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: The Helms-burton and D'Amato Acts

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Lowe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction ◽  
National Governments

The history of clashes over extraterritorial jurisdiction between the United States of America and other States in the Americas, Europe and elsewhere is a long one. That history is commonly traced back to the antitrust claims arising from the Alcoa case in 1945, in which the “effects” doctrine was advanced in the peculiar and objectionable form in which it is applied, not simply to acts which constitute elements of a single offence but which occur in different jurisdictions but, rather, to the economic repercussions of acts in one State which are felt in another. The conflict persisted into the 1950s, with the clashes over US regulation of the international shipping and paper industries. In the 1960s and 1970s there were further clashes in relation to the extraterritorial application of US competition laws, notably in disputes over shipping regulation and the notorious Uranium Antitrust litigation, in which US laws were applied to penalise the extraterritorial conduct of non-US companies, conducted with the approval of their national governments, at a time when those companies were barred by US law from trading in the United States. It was that litigation which was in large measure responsible for the adoption in the United Kingdom of the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980, which significantly extended the powers which the British government had asserted in the 1952 Shipping Contracts and Commercial Documents Act to defend British interests against US extraterritorial claims.

A Brief History of Probability Theory from 1810 to 1940

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Royal Statistical Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Francis Galton

This chapter charts the origins and consolidation of the English statistical school from the 1860s to the 1930s, with a focus on the school’s chief figures: Francis Galton (1822–1911), Karl Pearson (1857–1936), and Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890–1962). It begins with a historical overview of the rise of statistics as a study, taking into account the founding of the Statistical Society of London, which became the Royal Statistical Society. It then examines the contributions of Galton, Pearson, and Fisher to the development of modern statistics. It also considers the role played by other figures in the conception of statistics as a branch of applied mathematics in Britain, including Harold Jeffreys. The chapter concludes by discussing the English statistical school’s demise, along with the advance of statistical theory in the United States.

scholarly journals XVI. On the expansion of sea-water by heat

1876 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

The extensive contributions which have recently been made to the physical history of the ocean have shown the desirability of exact knowledge of the relations of sea-water to heat. We have accordingly thought it worth while to make observations in order to determine the law of the thermal expansion of sea-water. Hitherto the most important attempt to solve this problem was made by the late Prof. Hubbard, of the United States National Observatory; the results of his investi­gation are contained in Maury’s ‘Sailing Directions,’ 1858, vol. i. p. 237.

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of
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