scholarly journals On the Effect of Ocean Tides on the Secular Retardation of the Earth's Rotation

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 240-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Pariisky ◽  
M. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
L. V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Tidal Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Bodily Tides ◽  
Frictional Forces

The classical problem of determining the secular retardation of the Earth's rotation due to the effect of tides (oceanic and bodily) has an important geophysical value in determining the possible existence of processes inside the Earth, which lead to secular variations of rotation of the whole Earth or its external layers.Using new cotidal charts of the world ocean calculated by Bogdanov for the main tidal waves M2, S2, K1 and O1 and using the method of moments of tidal forces the retarding moment was found to be 8.3 × 1023 dyn cm. This is twice the amount of previous evaluations. (This method is superior to the method of calculating the dissipation of energy or the moments of frictional forces). This amount corresponds to a retardation of 3.8 μs/century in the speed of the Earth's rotation. But the observations of the Sun give only 1.9 μs/century for the retardation. Thus, there seem to be nontidal and probably internal processes, which accelerate the Earth's rotation by about 2 μs/century. And this is without taking account of additional smaller effects of bodily tides. The search for these processes is an important problem.The full text of the paper will be published in the magazine Physics of the Earth, No. 2, 1972.

Zonal and tesseral harmonic perturbations of an artificial satellite

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Spherical Harmonics ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Compact Form ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Tesseral Harmonics

The paper extends the known solution of the Main Problem to include the effects of the higher spherical harmonics of the geopotential. The von Zeipel method is used to calculate the secular variations of orderJmand the long-periodic variations of ordersJm/J2andnJm,λ/ω. HereJmandJm,λare the coefficients of the zonal and the tesseral harmonics respectively, withJm,0=Jm, andωis the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation. With the aid of the theory of spherical harmonics the results are expressed in a most compact form.

scholarly journals Specific Formation of the Bermuda and Dragon Triangles as a Result of a Change in the Axis of the Earth’s Rotation

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The Bermuda Triangle is located in the area of the archipelago between North and South America and the Dragon Triangle is located in the area of the archipelago in Southeast Asia. There is a great resemblance between these two triangular areas; both were formed following special geological and tectonic conditions. It is herein proposed that their creation stems from the change in location of the axis of rotation of the earth and, accordingly, the change in the location of the equator.

Addendum 2020 to ‘Measurement of the Earth’s rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015’

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2246) ◽  
pp. 20200776
Author(s):  
L. V. Morrison ◽  
F. R. Stephenson ◽  
C. Y. Hohenkerk ◽  
M. Zawilski
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Moon System ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Eclipses ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Historical reports of solar eclipses are added to our previous dataset (Stephenson et al. 2016 Proc. R. Soc. A 472 , 20160404 ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0404 )) in order to refine our determination of centennial and longer-term changes since 720 BC in the rate of rotation of the Earth. The revised observed deceleration is −4.59 ± 0.08 × 10 −22  rad s −2 . By comparison the predicted tidal deceleration based on the conservation of angular momentum in the Sun–Earth–Moon system is −6.39 ± 0.03 × 10 −22  rad s −2 . These signify a mean accelerative component of +1.8 ± 0.1 × 10 −22  rad s −2 . There is also evidence of an oscillatory variation in the rate with a period of about 14 centuries.

scholarly journals Commission 19: Rotation of the Earth

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. S. Yatskiv ◽  
W. J. Klepczynski ◽  
F. Barlier ◽  
H. Enslin ◽  
C. Kakuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Terrestrial Reference System ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

During the period, work on the problem of the Earth’s rotation has continued to expand and increase its scope. The total number of institutions engaged in the determination of the Earth’s rotation parameters (ERP) by different techniques has been increased significantly. The rotation of the Earth is currently measured by classical astrometry, Doppler and laser satellite tracking, laser ranging of the Moon, and radio interferometry. Several long time series of the ERP are available from most of these techniques, in particular, those made during the Main Campaign of the MERIT project. The various series have been intercompared and their stability, in the time frame of years to days, has been estimated for the purposes of establishing a new conventional terrestrial reference system (COTES). On the other hand, the difficulties of maintaining a regular operation for laser ranging to the Moon (LLR) have been recognized. It resulted in the proposal to organize an one-month campaign of observations in 1985 in order to complement the COTES collocation program and to allow additional intercomparisons with other techniques.

scholarly journals Basic Problems in the Kinematics of the Rotation of the Earth

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Guinot
Keyword(s):  
Earth Rotation ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

With the advent of more precise methods for measuring Earth rotation, a number of corrections to the apparent directions in space, to the terrestrial references, and to the rotation axis motion have to be carefully applied. It is the duty of the international Astronomical Union to give recommended or conventional expressions of these corrections in order to avoid inextricable difficulties in discussing the evaluated results. However, this task is not sufficient. The concepts used in the description of the Earth's rotation are somewhat obscured by traditions. They should be purified by removing notions which are not directly relevant.

scholarly journals On the Nature of the Nonhydrostatic Quadrupole Excess Moment of the Earth

1980 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
T. V. Ruzmaikina
Keyword(s):  
Lower Mantle ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Mantle Viscosity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mass Flows

I wish to discuss an effect that is caused by the secular decrease in the Earth's rotation. I shall show that this deceleration induces mass flows across level surfaces and that these flows redistribute temperature and density in the Earth and produce an excess equatorial bulge. This mechanism does not require large lower mantle viscosity, unlike mechanisms discussed by Munk and MacDonald (1960) and McKenzie (1966). Therefore it does not suffer from the difficulties pointed out by Goldreich and Toomre (1969).

Long-term changes in the rotation of the Earth : 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980

1984 ◽  
Vol 313 (1524) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Tidal Friction ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Tidal Changes ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Tidal Variations

Occultations of stars by the Moon, and solar and lunar eclipses are analysed for variations in the Earth’s rotation over the past 2700 years. Although tidal braking provides the dominant, long-term torque, it is found that the rate of rotation does not decrease uniformly as would be expected if tidal friction were the only mechanism affecting the Earth’s rotation. There are also non-tidal changes present that vary on timescales ranging from decades to millennia. The magnitudinal and temporal behaviour of these non-tidal variations are evaluated in this paper.

scholarly journals Meteorological perturbations of tides and currents in an unlimited channel rotating with the earth

1927 ◽  
Vol 115 (770) ◽  
pp. 170-183 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Form ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Expansion Theorem ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Separate Paper ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Related Series

The following paper is an extension, to include the Earth’s rotation, of a discussion by J. Proudman and A. T. Doodson, treating of the corresponding phenomena in a non-rotating tidal channel. In the course of the solution it is necessary to have two functions expanded in two related series of special form (9), and a separate paper has been devoted to the expansion-theorem required.

scholarly journals Boris Choubert: Unrecognized visionary geologist, pioneer of the global tectonics

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jacques Kornprobst ◽  
Benito Àbalos ◽  
Pierre Barbey ◽  
Anne-Marie Boullier ◽  
Jean-Pierre Burg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Tectonics

This work is a review of Boris Choubert’s paper (1935), which was published in French under the rather devalorizing title: “Research on the Genesis of Palaeozoic and Precambrian Belts.” Despite its innovative content, this article had no impact either at the time of its publication or even later. It begins with the construction of a remarkable fit of the circum-Atlantic continents. This was based on the −1.000 meters isobath instead of the shoreline. Thirty years before Bullard et al. (1965), it demonstrated in an indisputable way the reality of the continents motion on the surface of the Earth. Therefore, Choubert designated Wegener’s “continental drift” as the main cause of tectonics. Even going beyond Wegener’s theory, he argued that this mechanism was efficient well before the formation of the Triassic Pangæa, during the whole Palaeozoic to result in the building of the Caledonian and Hercynian mountains. Although he was still encumbered by the vocabulary of the time regarding geosynclines, Boris Choubert described tectonics based on the horizontal mobility of the Precambrian continental blocks. Oddly enough, he did not apply this model to the Precambrian structures, which he attributed to the effects of the Earth’s rotation on the continental crust during its solidification. At the time of its publication, this paper was a very important step towards understanding global tectonics. Unfortunately, Choubert’s contemporaries did not generally recognize its significance.

Magnitudes and Spectra of Important Dynamical Phenomena

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
E. P. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Polar Motion ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Gravitation Field ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rigid Attachment ◽  
Body Tides

AbstractThe axes of coordinate systems used in geodynamics are believed to be attached to a number of physical points on the surface of the Earth. This is true when measurements of the distances (ranging) are dealt with. On the other hand, the axes of reference systems used by the BIH and IFMS are attached not to the points themselves but to a pencil of plumb lines at these points. For the case of observations with radio interferometers being used for the study of Earth’s rotation, the rotating frame of reference could be attached in some prescribed way toihebaselines of the interferometers.But in no case is rigid attachment possible, because both the above points and lines move relative to each other. We should search for another way to define the reference systems for geodynamics. With that end in view, a knowledge of magnitudes of pertinent dynamical phenomena becomes vital.This paper considers the effects of some dynamical phenomena upon the distances between the points on. the Earth’s surface and upon the angles between plumb lines and, possibly, also between baselines of radio interferometers. In particular, this paper discusses body tides, continental drift, internal motion within crustal blocks, redistribution of mass which can affect the directions of plumb lines, etc. Polar motion and variations in the rate of Earth’s rotation will be also touched upon as far as these phenomena contribute to deformation of the Earth and its gravitation field.The results are summarised in diagrams showing how the variations of the above distances and angles depend upon both time and positions on the Earth. In other words, the power spectrum of the variation will be presented as a function of time and distance expressed either in kilometers or in degrees of arc on the Earth’s surface.

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