Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Landuse/Land Cover Around NTPC Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery

Land is becoming scarce resource due to population growth and industrialization. Rapid growth of human activities can also be attributed as one of the reasons. Thus, it becomes an important task to regulate land resource for sustainable development and environmental protection. LULC change studies have become a central component in current strategies for managing and planning land resources and monitoring environmental changes. In this paper an attempt has been made to bring out spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC patterns of NTPCRamagundam and its surrounding environment by using multi-temporal satellite data of Landsat-4, IRS P6 LISS-III and IRS 2 LISS-IV and GIS techniques for the years 1984, 2005, 2011, 2015, 2018. The methodology includes base map preparation having features like Road (SH), Rail, Canal, River, Stream, Tanks, Forest boundary and other administrative boundaries from SOI topo sheet and the features digitized are updated on satellite images. Interpretation of study area for LULC feature extraction on satellite imageries of respective years is carried with Nrsc’s standard LULC classification system. Change detection statistics can be generated out of 5 LULC thematic layers obtained and analysed specially with respect to NTPC environs. Results from this study shows the percentage of geographical area occupied by built-up land, agricultural land, forests, wasteland and waterbodies of level-I LULC features were 10.27%, 60.68%, 6.61%, 11.81%, 10.63% respectively in 1984 and were changed into 21.41%, 48.51%, 5.97%, 12.77%, 11.34% respectively in 2018. This analysis shows a rapid growth in built-up land and fall in agricultural land between 1984 and 2018. There is a considerable change in the remaining features from 1984 and 2018.

Biology, Adaptability, and The Economic Applications of Tardigrades In Future

Tardigrades are small microscopic creatures also known as moss piglets or water bears. They are extremophiles and well known for its survivability. After successfully ruling the space tardigrades are now expected to save lives. From being a ‘survivor’ tardigrade is now headed to be a ‘savior’. This survivability is due to a special type of sugar known as “Trehalose”. Trehalose can be found in extremophiles organisms including tardigrades. The unique feature of this sugar is the ability to preserve biological molecules. One of the big applications of the tardigrades are the “dry vaccine”. Our world is struggling through a big crisis of covid-19 vaccine, it is next to impossible to make the highest demanded vaccine available to every corner of the earth at the low-temperature range in such a short period of time, and according to WHO half of the vaccines get wasted due to the cold chain method So, we can implement these dry vaccines for covid-19, to reduce the freezing cost, increasing the shelf life of vaccine and make every vaccine reach to needy in a live condition. Now, trehalose is not only confined to preserve vaccines but this can help in preserve the organs that are going to be used either for transplantology or organ donation. This special protein is yet to give a new turn to not only the medical field and to save human life but tardigrades can be implemented for plants in increasing the tolerance to a stressful environment for future climate changes and space settlement hence this paper provides an overview regarding the application and economical aspects of the tardigrades

Potential Health Benefits of Kiwifruits: The King of Fruits

Fruits are the essential element of the balanced nutritious diet. The kiwifruit (Actinidai deliciosa) is originally a native crop of China, hence also knows as the Chinese gooseberry. The kiwifruit appears to be of ovoid shape with slightly brown, hairy skin peel and macaque outlook. Kiwi is observed as a comparably minor crop with 0.2% of fruit production. Currently, Italy, New Zealand and Chile are the world’s top kiwi producing countries. The kiwifruit is a small fruit that hold replete of flavors and health benefits. It is enriched with a tart sour and sweet flavor with bright green flesh and small edible black seeds. The kiwifruit has been recognized as a rich source of vitamin C and antioxidants. It has already been proven that, the kiwi fruit is an abundant source of potassium , magnesium and vitamin E. Kiwifruit is also known as an Immunity Booster. The kiwis accommodate various health aids and are also used as medication to treat Hair Health, Asthma, Eye and Skin Health, and also Depression. This article provides some information about the kiwi fruit and its various health benefits

Design of a Solar Modified Greenhouse Prototype

In India there are variety of crops and fruits produced every year. The process of drying in India is generally performed in direct solar radiation also known as solar drying, but this method is not effective. The higher content of moisture in the crops and fruits damage on large scale. Thus, moisture content should be controlled by an effective way to avoid further loss of crops and fruits. The innovative technique i.e. Solar Greenhouse can be an effective way to avoid loss of crops and fruits, thereby improving the lifecycle. In this study the design parameter of solar modified greenhouse prototype is discussed. The various parameters in the design of greenhouse are glazing materials, energy conservation, ventilation methods and solar orientation. With the help of solar modified greenhouse prototype, it is possible to carry out experimental validation for drying of crops and fruits assisted with Phase Change Material as a Thermal Energy Storage.

Studies on Preparation of Sterilized Flavour Milk Using Basundi Sweet

Basundi (a common Indian sweet dish) prepared from cow and buffalo milk. It was found that the values of chemical properties of Basundi such as total solids, fat, solids-not-fat were increased with increase in the level of fat and concentration in milk. The interaction between different fat and concentration levels of cow and buffalo milk had definite effect on increase in total solids and solids-not-fat of Basundi. Perceiving the potential of drinking flavoured milk for having nutritional as well as therapeutic benefits. As children’s are not friendly to consume plain milk as such, there is a necessity to modify milk in such a way that it would be more acceptable by the peoples of all age groups. Flavoured milk for having high nutritional value can be an excellent nutrient-rich substitute for this type of beverages like soft drinks and fruit juices etc. There are various types of flavoured milks has been produced with different tastes, flavours and extended shelf life flavoured milk (sterilised and UHT flavoured milk) including chocolate flavoured milk, fruit based flavoured milk, herbal flavoured milk, neutraceutical flavoued milk etc. this article summarized the studies on preparation of sterilized flavour milk Using Basundi Sweet.

Medicinal and Health Benefits of Lemon

Today, we still understand the collaboration between plants, drugs and food. Herbal medicines have been used for many years because of their mild side effects, suitability, and influence. Citrus is a liquid plant in the family of Rutaceae. In the genus citrus, approximately 140 genera and 1300 species are present. The word lemon comes from "limon" in ancient French. There are several other lemon fruit names available. The main components of the chemical makeup are flavonoids, acids, caffeine, pectin and minerals. Many ingredients contain basic citrus oil, and limonene is the main ingredient in its odour. Lemon has many qualities, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, depurative, antiscorbutic, etc. Lemon essential oil is toxic, especially in pregnancy, breastfeeding and radiation exposure. This article provides the information about medicinal and health benefits of lemon.

Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals Levels In Borehole Water In Ongata Rongai, Kajiado County, Kenya.

The study was carried out to assess the levels of heavy metals in ground water sampled from ten selected borehole sites in Ongata Rongai town, Kajiado County. The levels of selected heavy metals analyzed were: Zinc, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, Cadmium and Chromium in dry and wet seasons the analysis was done by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Seasonal variation was considered as an aspect of pollution to the subsurface environment where there was no obvious observable environmental degradation or where unknown contaminants could have been disposed of, privately, without any matrix being charged. The analysis of water samples was done using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the results for the metal levels were in the range of: Zinc Below Detectable Limits- 0.73±0.01 (mgl-1 ); lead 0.21±0.01- 0.33±0.01 (mgl-1 ), mercury 0.0010 ± 0.0001 - 0.0019±0.0001(mgl-1 ); 0.256±0.01 (mgl-1 ); manganese 0.03±0.01- 0.26±0.01 (mgl-1 ). Cadmium and chromium had levels below detectable limits in dry and wet seasons. The levels of zinc and manganese were higher in the dry season than those recommended by World Health Organization of 3.0mgl-1 and 0.01mgl-1 respectively. The presence of the heavy metals in the borehole water is of concern since they could impact negatively on human health even at low levels due their accumulation. Stringent management and public awareness are required in order to safeguard the environment and human health in Ongata Rongai town.

Virtualization Effects on The Security

Virtualization is a technology which provides the efficient and effective usage of computing system .the computing system is not only a single personnel system but also a system consisting of multiprocessors systems. To use the system efficiently & effectively. We will be using virtualization technology .now a days business world is very competitive .customers demanding for new products this technology will provide opportunity to produce new products with the same resources with the existing infra structure. Within this technology one important issue is the "security”. It has changed the classical definition of security. The classical definition suggest that try to detect the security violations at the first place and then take the action but with the virtualization we can create the separate environment for security related application that would not effect the trusted information with the system .The concept has change the scenario of security related solutions by inviting the malicious from the communication system & executing them with the separate virtualization machine environment that would not affect the trusted information with the same system

Simulation of Quasi-Isotropic E-Glass Composite Laminate at Low Velocity Impact with Cohesive Interface Elements

This paper examines the expediency of interface elements in modeling of impact damage analysis for Eglass composite laminate under low velocity impact test. Numerical modelsare built adopting cohesive interface behavior to authenticate the cross-ply damage response; and successively used the strategy to model the impact response of quasi-isotropic composite laminate. Impact test are performed to characterize the induced-damage behavior in quasi-isotropic composite laminate at different impact energy test in terms of impact force, displacement and damage size as well as the stress failure trajectory. Numerical result shows reliability of the model for structural impact analysisin damage initiation and progression in laminated composite plates. The simulation result though reveals large deformation, yet, did not yield in total fracture. This development shows the importance of adopting interface elements in structural impact damage criterion to trigger constraints effect on initiation phase.The study also reveals that the bottom most surface suffers huge deformation compare to the impact surface. It divulges that the extent of damage area in each ply of the composite laminate orients in the fiber direction in ‘star-shaped contour. The main novelty is the capability of using this model for structural impact analysis on both cross-ply and quasi-isotropic composite laminate.

Changing the Location of the Earth's Core, the main Force operating that Changes the Magnetic Field of the Earths

The core of the earth has oscillations which are flexible, and which are affected by pressure that can change its every direction, particularly to that of the two poles. In its intermittent oscillations towards north and south, the core constitutes an additional factor in the earth’s equilibrium, and this phenomenon also causes alternating changes in the magnetic field towards north and south.