Supernova Remnants: An Introductory Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Jacco Vink
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration ◽  
Introductory Review

The two main aspects of supernova remnant research addressed in this review are: I. What is our understanding of the progenitors of the observed remnants, and what have we learned from these remnants about supernova nucleosynthesis? II. Supernova remnants are probably the major source of cosmic rays. What are the recent advances in the observational aspects of cosmic ray acceleration in supernova remnants?

scholarly journals Search for Nonthermal X-Rays from Supernova Remnant Shells

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
R. Petre ◽  
J. Keohane ◽  
U. Hwang ◽  
G. Allen ◽  
E. Gotthelf
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nonthermal Radio ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration ◽  
Nonthermal Radio Emission

The suggestion that the shocks of supernova remnants (SNR's) are cosmic ray acceleration sites dates back more than 40 years. While observations of nonthermal radio emission from SNR shells indicate the ubiquity of GeV cosmic ray production, there is still theoretical debate about whether SNR shocks accelerate particles up to the well-known “knee” in the primary cosmic ray spectrum at ~3,000 TeV. Recent X-ray observations of SN1006 and other SNR's may have provided the missing observational link between SNR shocks and high energy cosmic ray acceleration. We discuss these observations and their interpretation, and summarize our ongoing efforts to find evidence from X-ray observations of cosmic ray acceleration in the shells of other SNR's.

scholarly journals Self-Confined Cosmic Rays

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 341-354
Author(s):  
Donat G. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Galactic Wind ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Particle Speed ◽  
Ray Density

Cosmic rays do not stream freely through the galaxy, contrary to earlier expectations. Streaming cosmic rays are slowed down by the emission of resonant Alfven waves that scatter the cosmic rays. The theory of self-confinement explains the isotropy of the bulk of the cosmic rays but not of cosmic rays above 103 Gev; it has been a stimulus to the theory for cosmic-ray acceleration at supernova shocks; and, on inclusion of diffusion in a galactic wind, it may explain the uniform cosmic-ray density out to 18 kpc in our galaxy. Rapidly streaming electrons in clusters of galaxies, in supernova remnants, and near solar flares are accomodated by the theory when it is expanded to include the effects of hot plasmas and other wave modes. A “resonance gap” may prevent the turning backwards of streaming particles and thus allow streaming near the particle speed.

scholarly journals Supernova remnants and the origin of cosmic rays

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S296) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Jacco Vink
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission

AbstractSupernova remnants have long been considered to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays. For a long time the prime evidence consisted of radio synchrotron radiation from supernova remnants, indicating the presence of electrons with energies of several GeV. However, in order to explain the cosmic ray energy density and spectrum in the Galaxy supernova remnant should use 10% of the explosion energy to accelerate particles, and about 99% of the accelerated particles should be protons and other atomic nuclei.Over the last decade a lot of progress has been made in providing evidence that supernova remnant can accelerate protons to very high energies. The evidence consists of, among others, X-ray synchrotron radiation from narrow regions close to supernova remnant shock fronts, indicating the presence of 10-100 TeV electrons, and providing evidence for amplified magnetic fields, gamma-ray emission from both young and mature supernova remnants. The high magnetic fields indicate that the condition for accelerating protons to >1015 eV are there, whereas the gamma-ray emission from some mature remnants indicate that protons have been accelerated.

scholarly journals Constraining the cosmic ray spectrum in the vicinity of the supernova remnant W28: from sub-GeV to multi-TeV energies

2020 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. A40
Author(s):  
V. H. M. Phan ◽  
S. Gabici ◽  
G. Morlino ◽  
R. Terrier ◽  
J. Vink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ionization Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
X Ray

Context. Supernova remnants interacting with molecular clouds are ideal laboratories to study the acceleration of particles at shock waves and their transport and interactions in the surrounding interstellar medium. Aims. Here, we focus on the supernova remnant W28, which over the years has been observed in all energy domains from radio waves to very-high-energy gamma rays. The bright gamma-ray emission detected from molecular clouds located in its vicinity revealed the presence of accelerated GeV and TeV particles in the region. An enhanced ionization rate has also been measured by means of millimeter observations, but such observations alone cannot tell us whether the enhancement is due to low-energy (MeV) cosmic rays (either protons or electrons) or the X-ray photons emitted by the shocked gas. The goal of this study is to determine the origin of the enhanced ionization rate and to infer from multiwavelength observations the spectrum of cosmic rays accelerated at the supernova remnant shock in an unprecedented range spanning from MeV to multi-TeV particle energies. Methods. We developed a model to describe the transport of X-ray photons into the molecular cloud, and we fitted the radio, millimeter, and gamma-ray data to derive the spectrum of the radiating particles. Results. The contribution from X-ray photons to the enhanced ionization rate is negligible, and therefore the ionization must be due to cosmic rays. Even though we cannot exclude a contribution to the ionization rate coming from cosmic-ray electrons, we show that a scenario where cosmic-ray protons explain both the gamma-ray flux and the enhanced ionization rate provides the most natural fit to multiwavelength data. This strongly suggests that the intensity of CR protons is enhanced in the region for particle energies in a very broad range covering almost six orders of magnitude: from ≲100 MeV up to several tens of TeV.

scholarly journals Multiwavelength Signatures of Cosmic Ray Acceleration by Young Supernova Remnants

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacco Vink ◽  
Felix A. Aharonian ◽  
Werner Hofmann ◽  
Frank Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration

scholarly journals GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AS SITES OF PARTICLE ACCELERATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Manami Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Acceleration ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Radiation Processes

Supernova remnants, owing to their strong shock waves, are likely sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Studies of supernova remnants in X-rays and gamma rays provide us with new insights into the acceleration of particles to high energies. This paper reviews the basic physics of supernova remnant shocks and associated particle acceleration and radiation processes. In addition, the study of supernova remnant populations in nearby galaxies and the implications for Galactic cosmic ray distribution are discussed.

scholarly journals COSMIC RAY ACCELERATION AT PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 792 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Ferrand ◽  
Rebecca J. Danos ◽  
Andreas Shalchi ◽  
Samar Safi-Harb ◽  
Paul Edmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration

Probing cosmic ray acceleration through molecular clouds in the vicinity of supernova remnant with H.E.S.S.

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fiasson ◽  
K. Kosack ◽  
J. Skilton ◽  
Y. Gallant ◽  
J. Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration
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