Neolithic/Early Bronze Age Pit Circles and their Environs at Oakham, Rutland

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 293-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Clay ◽  
Clive R. Jones ◽  
Elaine L. Jones ◽  
Gary Haley ◽  
Elizabeth Healey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Fieldwork east of Oakham, Rutland has located evidence of prehistoric settlement, land use patterns, and ceremonial monuments. Part of this included the excavation of a cropmark site which has revealed an unusual sequence of Neolithic/Early Bronze Age pit circles and a burial area. This is complemented by a fieldwalking survey of the surrounding areas, allowing consideration of the relationship of juxtaposed flint scatters and the excavated ceremonial area.

Economic and social zones during the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age in Jæren, Southwest Norway. Reconstructing large-scale land-use patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-88
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen ◽  
Christopher Prescott ◽  
Mads Kähler Holst
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Large Scale Land

Zusammenfassung Basierend auf einer Untersuchung der ökologischen und archäologischen Hinterlassenschaften für Jæren, Südwest-Norwegen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Übergang zu einer agrar-pastoralen Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft am Übergang vom mittleren zum späten Neolithikum (2400–2350 v. Chr.) erfolgte und es in Folge zu einer raschen Strukturierung der besiedelten Kulturlandschaften kam. In den folgenden Jahrzehnten und Jahrhunderten entwickelte sich die Gesellschaft auf dieser Basis fort. >Eines der charakteristischen Merkmale der damaligen Landschaften ist, dass diese umfassend in das soziale und rituelle Leben integriert wurden, was auf lokaler Ebene zu einer Zonierung der Landschaft mit jeweils deutlichen Unterschieden in den wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und kulturellen Ausdrucksformen führte. In den offenen, gras- und heidedominierten Küstenzonen manifestiert sich der Befund auf monumentaler und ritueller Ebene, während geeignete quartäre Lagerstätten als Zonen unterschiedlich intensiven Getreideanbaus genutzt wurden. Die beschriebenen Landschaften entwickelten sich als Reaktion auf eine nachhaltige Wirtschaftspraxis, die eine kontinuierliche Ausweitung der Beweidung, eine Intensivierung der Getreideproduktion und den Zugang zu Kommunikationswegen umfasste. Unterschiede im Nutzungsdruck, in der Produktion und in der Wirtschaftsstrategie spiegeln eine Reihe von Umweltparametern wider. Somit korrelieren die Aktivitätszonen weitgehend mit physikalischen Eigenschaften der Landschaft, was offensichtlich sowohl einen adaptiven Aspekt in der Wirtschaft als auch Muster einer umfassenden Ressourcenausnutzung der Zonen widerspiegelt, etwa in der Kombination von Getreideproduktion, Wanderweidewirtschaft, Jagd und Zugang zu maritimen Engstellen. Zur Interpretation schlagen die Autoren ein Modell sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Organisationen und Interaktionen in der Region Jæren vor, basierend auf den Verteilungen mehrerer Kategorien archäologischer Funde. Das Modell präsentiert eine Reihe voneinander abhängiger Zonen innerhalb einer einheitlichen, aber diversifizierten Wirtschaft mit Querschnittsaktivitäten und Mobilitätsmustern. Der präsentierte Ansatz stellt eine Alternative zu bestehenden Hierarchiemodellen innerhalb begrenzter Gebiete dar. Die Landschaftszonierung in Jæren ähnelt jener in Westskandinavien, einschließlich Jütlands, Dänemark. Aus diesem Grund war die Einführung einer subsistenzorientierten, Feldbau und Weidewirtschaft kombinierenden Landwirtschaft in Jæren von externen Impulsen abhängig.

Relationships of channel characteristics, land ownership, and land use patterns to large woody debris in western Oregon streams

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Wing ◽  
Arne Skaugset
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Aquatic Habitat ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of

Regression tree analysis was used to test the relationship of channel and aquatic habitat characteristics from 3793 stream reaches in western Oregon State to the abundance of large woody debris (LWD). Stream reaches were drawn from diverse ownerships and land uses – land cover types over a broad geographic extent. When all land uses – land covers were considered, ownership and land use patterns were related to LWD abundance. When nonforested land uses were excluded, however, these factors became less important. In forested streams, LWD abundance was predicted primarily by stream gradient and bankfull channel width, with the volume, frequency, and size of LWD pieces decreasing as channel size increased. Within forested lands, stand age and forest distribution were related to LWD size but had small correlations with LWD volume and abundance. The strong relationship of stream gradient and bankfull channel width with LWD suggests that in forested areas, the most significant factor related to LWD counts is the geomorphology of stream reaches and their surrounding areas. Land managers in western Oregon who want to improve aquatic habitat quality may want to direct their efforts to increasing LWD in larger streams, which typically include smaller quantities of LWD.

scholarly journals Impact of Port Construction on the Spatial Pattern of Land Use in Coastal Zones Based on CLDI and LUT Models: A Case Study of Qingdao and Yantai

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Yan ◽  
Ruiming Xiao ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Jinbiao Bai ◽  
Feixue Jia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Pattern Sequence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Port Areas

Ports are an important type of land use in coastal cities, and the development of ports has a significant influence on the spatial pattern of land use in port cities. However, the research focusing on economic indicators hardly reflects the process of changes in the spatial distribution of land development in coastal port cities. This paper introduces a spatial association rule method to establish a coastline and land development intensity (CLDI) model and land use transfer (LUT) model in the vertical direction of coastal zones to mine the association rules between shoreline change and land development intensity along the sea–land gradient in the Qingdao and Yantai coastal zones and to explore the important land development sequence patterns. The results showed that, in the early stage of regional development, the land development intensity decreased from sea to land. In the later stage, as the industry transferred to nearby towns, the land units with extremely strong and strong levels started to move to the end or middle of the sequence. With the improvement of the urban construction level, the simple LUT pattern sequence that increased building land through the occupation of cultivated land and forestland was replaced gradually by complex sequences with multiple components. The relationship between land development and distance from the port showed that the areas with strong land development intensity gradually moved from coastal to inland areas over time. Port shipping has a profound influence on port city land use patterns. Industrial transfer drives the development of surrounding towns during the metaphase. This trend was used to build a second port to realize the division of transportation capacity, as the old port’s carrying capacity tended to become saturated. This paper revealed the general changes in the important land use patterns in port areas through a comparative study of the Qingdao and Yantai port areas and the differences among different geographical locations and development processes. This study provides a reference for the rational planning of coastal zone spatial layouts and provides a model basis for the analysis of the spatial structure of coastal zones. This information can be used to coordinate the relationship between ports and cities and promote the sustainable development of coastal zones.

scholarly journals Properties Analysis on Travel Intensity of Land Use Patterns

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishan Sun ◽  
Liya Yao ◽  
Shuwei Wang ◽  
Jing Qiao ◽  
Jian Rong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Travel Information ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
The Relationship

Quantization of the relationship between travel intensity and land use patterns is still a critical problem in urban transportation planning. Achieved researches on land use patterns are restricted to macrodata such as population and area, which failed to provide detail travel information for transportation planners. There is still problem on how to reflect the relationship between transport and land use accurately. This paper presents a study that is reflective of such an effort. A data extraction method is developed to get the travel origin and destination (OD) between traffic zones based on the mobile data of 100,000 residents in Beijing. Then Point of Interests (POIs) data in typical traffic zones was analyzed combined with construction area investigation. Based on the analysis of travel OD and POI data, the average travel intensity of each land use pattern is quantified. Research results could provide a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban transportation planning.

Environmental changes and ancient long-term wet field management schemes: A preliminary case study of the Daepyeongri site, locality 3-1-D, South Korea

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1979-1991
Author(s):  
Youngrong Moon ◽  
Hong-Jong Lee ◽  
Heejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Bronze Age

Large-scale excavations between 2012 and 2015 at the Daepyeongri site on the floodplain of the River Geumgang have revealed the presence of an ancient complex settlement comprising houses, extensive agricultural fields, and pits that have been dated to between the Bronze Age and the early Three Kingdoms periods. The beginning and end of the occupation of this site and land-use patterns are assumed to have been associated with its natural environment. The pollen records presented in this study show that wet conditions continued throughout the time that this site was occupied, evidenced by the consistent appearance of Alnus, while there are nevertheless hints of some land reclamation from the Bronze Age onwards. More intensive agricultural activities that took place during this later period are evidenced by an increase in the abundance of NAP pollens related to cultivation including Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Bistorta, Compositae and Fagopyrum. At the end of the occupation period, an abrupt transition to wetter conditions is recognized while dry land condition had been prevalent for some time in other parts of the site. Microscopic examination of buried cultivated soils that evidence multiple phases of ancient field systems has enabled the identification of pedological traces of discrete cultivation patterns and shows that they changed over time. The recognition of micro-structures and associated features shows that seasonally flooded wetland was first utilized during the early phase (the Bronze Age), and that more intensified irrigation management was seen during the late phase (the time span encompassed by the proto-Kingdoms and Three Kingdoms periods). These data reveal evidence for intensive hydromorphic degradation and enable a robust recognition of settlement history and an enhanced understanding of the intensity of various land-use patterns, and landscape changes from both environmental and archaeological perspectives.

Plant diversity and storage at Mandalo, Macedonia, Greece: archaeobotanical evidence from the Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soultana M. Valamoti ◽  
Glynis Jones
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The charred plant remains from Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age levels at Mandalo, Macedonia, Greece provide evidence for a broad range of crops and wild plant resources. There is clear evidence for the storage of some of these, in particular emmer, lentils and bitter vetch, but also barley, einkorn, Celtic bean, grass pea and acorns. There is also evidence for the possible storage and use of animal dung fuel, which has not previously been reported for Greece, and for the cultivation of flax dating back to the 5th millennium BC. The diversity of plant resources will have provided a ‘buffering mechanism’ against occasional crop failure, and the relationship of this to the proposed ‘marginal colonization’ of Greece is discussed. On the basis of the species found in animal dung, it is suggested that the arable and pastoral sectors were integrated, with relatively small numbers of animals grazed locally on stubble or fallow fields.

scholarly journals Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 125003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Knitter ◽  
Gerrit Günther ◽  
Wolfgang Berengar Hamer ◽  
Torben Keßler ◽  
Joana Seguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Southern Greece
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