New record of the Ponerine ant Buniapone amblyops (Emery, 1887) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Nepal

Buniapone Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 is a monotypic and morphologically distinct hypogeic ant genus found only in Southern and Southeast Asia. The Ponerine ant Buniapone amblyops (Emery 1887) has been recorded for the first time from Nepal. The specimen was hand-collected in Pokhara (28.21361111 N, 83.97222222 E, 840 m asl) from animal dung on the ground. Morphological characteristics of Nepalese B. amblyops worker, distribution, and ecology are discussed.

An evaluation of Mucormycosis, Outburst

Black fungus is also known as Mucormycosis, and it is occasional but threatening infection. Black fungus is caused by getting into exposure with fungus spores in the surroundings. It can also form in the skin after the fungus enters through a cut, scrape, burn, or another type of skin trauma. Fungi live in the environment, particularly in soil and decaying organic matter such as leaves, compost piles, rotten wood, particularly in soil, compost, and animal dung. This fungal infection is caused by a type of mould known as 'mucromycetes’. It should be noted that this rare fungal infection affects persons who have health issues or who use drugs that weaken the body's ability to fight the infections. There are different types of mucormycosis Trusted Source, including rhino cerebral (sinus and brain), pulmonary (lung), gastrointestinal, and cutaneous (skin) mucormycosis. The COVID-19 generates a sudden change in the interior environment of the host for the fungus, and the medical treatment administered unknowingly promotes fungal development. COVID-19 causes harm to the airway mucosa and blood vessels. It also causes a rise in serum iron, which is required for the fungus to grow. Broad-spectrum antibiotics not only kill potentially harmful bacteria but also beneficial commensals. Although antifungals such as Voriconazole prevent Aspergillosis, Mucor survives and grows due to a lack of resistance. Long-term ventilation decreases immunity, and there is conjecture that the humidifier water that is delivered along with the oxygen transfers the fungus. It is ubiquitous and found in soil and air and even in the nose and mucus of healthy people. It affects the sinuses, the brain and the lungs and can be life-threatening in diabetic or severely immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients or people with HIV/AIDS. Doctors believe mucormycosis, which has an overall mortality rate of 50%, may be being triggered by the use of steroids, a life-saving treatment for severe and critically ill Covid-19 patients. Steroids reduce inflammation in the lungs for Covid-19 and appear to help stop some of the damage that can happen when the body's immune system goes into overdrive to fight off coronavirus. But they also reduce immunity and push up blood sugar levels in both diabetics and non-diabetic Covid-19 patients. It’s thought that this drop in immunity could be triggering these cases of mucormycosis.

Sosialisasi Praktek Jual Beli Kotoran Hewan Menurut Mazhab Imam Syafi’i

Based on the practice of the buying and selling system of animal dung in the village of Tanjung Putus, Padang Tualang sub-district, Langkat district, the sale of animal dung is a common thing among the community and is in accordance with the principles of sharia and the rules of buying and selling. Starting from the pillars of buying and selling conditions, goods and so on so that the sale and purchase of animal dung in Tanjung Putus village, Padang Tualang sub-district, Langkat district according to religion may be carried out and does not violate religious norms. 2. Based on Islamic Law's Istihsan Perspective on the sale and purchase of animal dung according to the goods which are unclean, it is prohibited by religion. In the development of customs that demand for manure as additional fertilizer for plantations and agriculture, the sale and purchase of animal dung is legally allowed, because there are benefits. Even though the Imams of Madhzab have different objects, there is animal dung to be used as manure, so it can be said that it is permissible for buying and selling transactions. Keywords: Buying and Selling, Dirt, Animals.

Hukum Praktek Jual Beli Kotoran Hewan Menurut Mazhab Imam Syafi’i

This research is included in the qualitative research model, meaning that the data used in this study is qualitative data (data that does not consist of numbers) in the form of verbal messages, dialogues and writings which are the results of research through observation, interviews and documentation. In the event of a divorce, it is the wife who suffers the most, who in particular does not have an income and a place to live. Based on the practice of the buying and selling system of animal dung in Tanjung Putus Village, Padang Tualang District, Langkat Regency, buying and selling animal dung is commonplace among the community and in accordance with sharia principles. and buying and selling rules. Starting from the pillars of buying and selling conditions, goods and so on so that the sale and purchase of animal dung in Tanjung Putus village, Padang Tualang sub-district, Langkat district according to religion can be carried out and does not violate religious norms. Based on the Islamic Shari'a Istihsan Perspective, the sale and purchase of animal dung according to unclean goods is prohibited by religion. In the development of customs that demand manure as additional fertilizer for plantations and agriculture, the sale and purchase of animal dung is legally allowed, because there are benefits. Although the Imams of Madzhab differ in their object, but with the presence of animal dung used as manure, it can be said that buying and selling transactions are allowed. Keywords: Buying and Selling, Dirt, Animals

Review on Mucormycosis: It is a life Threatening infection

Mucormycosis, often known as black fungus, is a fungal infection caused by the mucormycetes fungi. Zygomycetes is a class of fungi. Mucormycetes, the fungus that cause mucormycosis, are found all throughout the world, especially in soil and in decaying organic waste like leaves, compost piles, and animal dung. It is not contagious and cannot be passed from one person to another. Mucormycosis (also known as zygomycosis) is a dangerous but uncommon fungal infection caused by a fungus known as mucormycetes. Molds can be found all over the place. Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that primarily affects persons who have health issues or who use medications that reduce the body's capacity to resist infections and illness. Infections are most typically acquired when mould spores are inhaled or, less commonly, when spores enter the body through a cut in the skin. It takes place after COVID-19. Home remedies, such as consuming probiotics, and foods that promote immunity, can help to minimise mucormycosis. The main purpose of this review Related to Mucormycosis is to diminish the growth of Mucormycosis by taking Ayurvedic Treatment.

Energy Profiling of a High-Altitude Kyrgyz Community: Challenges and Motivations to Preserve Floodplain Ecosystems Based on Household Survey

The floodplain areas along the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan are essential as they hold the riparian (local) ecosystems because they provide firewood, pastureland, and areas for recreation and protection against erosion. Due to limited access to adequate, reliable, and sustainable energy services, the rural population usually derived their energy needs from multiple natural energy resources (i.e., firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, animal dung, and wood branches). This is considered a common and predominant practice in rural Kyrgyzstan. This situation leads to a negative impact on local ecosystem services. In addition to that, the reliance on solid fuels contributes to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which is partially threatening the local ecosystem services. By contrast, the employment of renewable-based energy supply systems would substantially reduce the burden on the environment, which is mainly untapped. To integrate renewable energies, it is important to understand the energy behavior of floodplain communities. In that response, the presented article is the first attempt to capture the energy identity of the floodplain community of Kyrgyzstan based on a quantitative energy-based (on-site) household survey. Furthermore, the present research article synthesizes the driving factors that have a (direct or indirect) impact on the energy and local ecosystem services. In addition, the present article proposes a brief pathway for the sustainable energy transition. The article records the recommendation to integrate renewable energies to preserve the local ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan.

Food, farming and trade on the Danube frontier: plant remains from Roman Aelia Mursa (Osijek, Croatia)

Archaeobotanical investigations at the Roman town of Aelia Mursa, located near the Danube frontier in modern day Croatia, have revealed an extraordinary assemblage of food remains from a series of pits dated to the early 2nd century ad. The site yielded a wide array of economically important food remains, including staples such as Hordeum (barley), Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet), Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), Secale cereale (rye), Lens culinaris (lentil) and Vicia faba (broad bean). We also found a range of fruits, nuts, herbs and vegetables, such as Daucus carota (carrot), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Allium sativum (garlic), Ficus carica (fig), Vitis vinifera (grape) and Olea europaea (olive). Further, we found clearly identifiable remains of eggshell, fish bones and scales, unidentifiable fruit flesh and porridge or bread remains, as well as possible animal dung. The site provides important evidence of exotic foods including Piper nigrum (pepper), Oryza sp. (rice) and Punica granatum (pomegranate). This diverse and unique assemblage provides a tantalising insight into the character of food, farming and trade of the people living on the frontier of the Roman Empire.

Disentangling Human–Plant–Animal Dynamics at the Microscale: Geo-Ethnoarchaeological Case Studies from North Africa and the Near East

Livestock dung is a suitable material for delineating the complexity of interactions between people, plants and animals as it contains critical information on environmental and ecological issues as well as socio-economic dynamics and cultural lifeways. However, animal faecal remains and other coprogenic materials are commonly overlooked in most archaeological research programs due, in part, to methodological challenges in its recovery and identification. This paper evaluates the contribution of integrated geoarchaeological approaches, together with comparative reference ethnoarchaeological records, to interdisciplinary microscopic analyses on the identification of animal dung and its archaeological significance within farming built environments. It brings together records from a selection of recent geo-ethnoarchaeological case studies across the Near East, one of the heartlands of plant and animal domestication, and from northern Africa, an understudied key area with critical implications for neighbouring regions such as the Sahara. This article examines the state-of-the-art of dung material identifications within agricultural and pastoral settlements and their potential for tracing ecological diversity, animal management strategies, penning, grazing and foddering, seasonality, and dung use. This review highlights the value of modern reference frameworks of livestock dung as a primary source of information for disentangling human–plant–animal dynamics through time and space.

Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Floating Drum Biogas Digester

Biogas is a renewable source of energy that is obtained from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues, animal dung, energy crops, domestic wastes and industrial wastes. These categories of waste that produce biogas are promising sources of energy and the biotechnology process of biofuel is environmentally friendly. This study aimed at modifying, fabricating and evaluating a floating drum digester. The modified floating drum digester consists of the digester tank, gas holder tank, feeding inlet pipe, gas collector outlet, slurry outlet, thermometer and hose. The gas holder tank was inserted into the digester tank while the biogas is generated in the digester tank by pressure. The biogas was produced from the mixture of cattle dung 30 % and 50 % plant wastes. Hence, the organic waste mixed with water in the ratio of 1: 2 for the digestion process. The digestion temperature was recorded daily for a period of 21 days at constant pressure of 1.32 KN/m2 throughout the experiment. The result revealed that the minimum and maximum average temperatures are 25 to 33 oC. This shows that the ambient temperature affects the temperature in the digester and the amount of gas produced is a function of the accumulated temperature in the digester. It was observed that the biogas generated increase as temperature rise. The modified floating drum digester is affordable and it is recommended for small- and large-scale production.