Advertising and Retail Promotion of Washington Apples: A Structural Latent Variable Approach to Promotion Evaluation

Abstract“Commodity promotion” consists of many activities, each designed to contribute to a consumer's product knowledge or influence tastes. However, both knowledge and tastes are unobservable, or latent, variables influencing demand. This paper specifies a dynamic structural model of fresh fruit demand that treats promotion and other socioeconomic variables as “causal” variables influencing these latent variables. Estimating this state-space model using a Kalman filter approach provides estimates of both the system parameters and a latent variable series. The results show that these latent effects contribute positively to apple and other fruit consumption, while reducing banana consumption.

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ON THE MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY: A LATENT VARIABLE APPROACH

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100509991040 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 145-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Rodrigo Fuentes ◽

Marco Morales

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Total Factor Productivity ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Latent Variable ◽

State Space Model ◽

Factor Productivity ◽

Capital Share ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Latent Variable Approach

Despite the important role that total factor productivity (TFP) has played in the growth literature, few attempts have been made to change the methodology to estimate it. This paper proposes a methodology based on a state-space model to estimate TFP and its determinants. With this methodology, it is possible to reduce the measurement of our ignorance. As a by-product, this estimate yields the capital share in output and the long-term growth rate. When applied to Chile, the estimation shows a capital share around 0.5 and long-term growth of TFP around 1%. Capital accumulation tends to explain the growth rate in the fast growth periods under the econometric estimation more than the traditional growth accounting methodology.

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Modeling Dynamic Comparative Public Opinion

10.31235/osf.io/d5n9p ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Frederick Solt

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Policy Feedback ◽

Variable Approach ◽

National Perspective ◽

Latent Variable Approach ◽

Cross National

The study of public opinion in comparative context has been hampered by data that is sparse, that is, unavailable for many countries and years; incomparable, i.e., ostensibly addressing the same issue but generated by different survey items; or, most often, both. Questions of representation and of policy feedback on public opinion, for example, cannot be explored fully from a cross-national perspective without comparable time-series data for many countries that span their respective times of policy adoption. Recent works (Claassen 2019; Caughey, O'Grady, and Warshaw 2019) have introduced a latent variable approach to the study of comparative public opinion that maximizes the information gleaned from available surveys to overcome issues of sparse and incomparable data and allow comparativists to examine the dynamics of public opinion. This paper advances this field of research by presenting a new model and software for estimating latent variables of public opinion from cross-national survey data that yield superior fit and more quantities of theoretical interest than previous works allow.

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Distinguishing Adequate Versus Inadequate Cancer Health Literacy Levels: A Discrete Latent Variable Approach

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e581432013-001 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Levent Dumenci ◽

Robin Matsuyama ◽

Robert Perera ◽

Laura Kuhn ◽

Laura Siminoff

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Latent Variable Approach

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Executive Functions and Metacognitive Monitoring Are Not Interchangeable in Educational Settings: Their Shared and Unique Contribution to Academic Outcomes

10.31234/osf.io/4jhnz ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rina PY Lai ◽

Michelle Renee Ellefson ◽

Claire Hughes

Keyword(s):

Executive Functions ◽

Academic Outcomes ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Metacognitive Monitoring ◽

Cognitive Predictors ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Latent Variable Approach

Executive functions and metacognition are two cognitive predictors with well-established connections to academic performance. Despite sharing several theoretical characteristics, their overlap or independence concerning multiple academic outcomes remain under-researched. To address this gap, the present study applies a latent-variable approach to test a novel theoretical model that delineates the structural link between executive functions, metacognition, and academic outcomes. In whole-class sessions, 469 children aged 9 to 14 years (M = 11.93; SD = 0.92) completed four computerized executive function tasks (inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning), a self-reported metacognitive monitoring questionnaire, and three standardized tests of academic ability. The results suggest that executive functions and metacognitive monitoring are not interchangeable in the educational context and that they have both shared and unique contributions to diverse academic outcomes. The findings are important for elucidating the role between two domain-general cognitive skills (executive functions and metacognition) and domain-specific academic skills.

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