Selection in operant learning may fit a general model

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
Julian C. Leslie

The generic account of selection proposed by Hull et al. readily fits operant learning where, by comparison with natural selection, the process is well understood but little is known about the mechanism. Objections within psychology, that operant learning ignores internal processes, fail to recognise the general significance of behaviour-environment interactions. Variation within operant response classes requires further investigation.

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-701
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark

ABSTRACT A deterministic model allowing variation at a nuclear genetic locus in a population segregating two cytoplasmic types is formulated. Additive, multiplicative and symmetric viability matrices are analyzed for existence and stability of equilibria. The protectedness of polymorphisms in both nuclear genes and cytoplasmic types is also investigated in the general model. In no case is a complete polymorphism protected with this deterministic model. Results are discussed in light of the extensive variation in mtDNA that has recently been reported.


Author(s):  
James A.R. Marshall

This chapter considers a simple and general model of natural selection: replicator dynamics. Many animal traits and behaviors are social, in that they affect the reproductive success not just of the animal performing the behavior, but also conspecifics. Mathematical theories based on classical natural selection, which acts on direct reproduction by individuals, are able to explain the evolution of traits that are for personal advantage. However, this leaves the problem of providing an evolutionary explanation of traits and social behaviors that appear to be personally costly to the bearer, in reproductive terms, while having effects on conspecifics such as increasing their direct reproduction. This chapter uses the replicator dynamics to illustrate the action of natural selection on social behavior, including nonadditive interactions. It considers the additive and nonadditive donation game, and other social interactions, along with public goods games, threshold public goods games, and interactions in structured populations.


Heredity ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P O'Donald

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-540
Author(s):  
Adolf Heschl

Natural selection in the sense of Darwin always means physical propagation (positive case) or disappearance (negative case) of living organisms due to differential reproduction. If one concentrates on this simple materialist principle, one arrives at a much better method of discerning true selection processes from largely nonrandom processes of internal rearrangement (somatic mutations) and reorganisation (operant learning).


1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
David Chiszar ◽  
Karlana Carpen

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Rychlak

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-906
Author(s):  
Geoffrey L. Thorpe

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