Specificity of the use of aphorisms in the novel "The Portrait of Dorian Gray" by Oscar Wilde

The article deals with the study of the concept of «aphorism», the identification of essential features of the concept of aphorism and the definition of the specifics of the use of aphorisms in the novel «The Portrait of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. An analysis of the studies of leading national and foreign linguists who studied the specifics of aphorisms showed that the essential features of aphorism: briefness, depth of thought, informative brevity, a high degree of generalization (general significance), completeness of thought, truthfulness (truthfulness), imagery (expressiveness, expressiveness) originality, didacticity, authorship, accuracy, sharpness of form, paradox, wit, novelty, communicative clarity. It has been proven that the English-language aphorism is characterized by a wide range of pragmatic attitudes: statement, summarizing, pairing, reasoning, reservations or threat, exposure or reproach, complaints, self-justification, self-deprecation, justification, reassurance, motivation, advice, cognition ect. Pragmatic attitudes in English-language aphorisms are realized with the help of a wide range of linguo-stylistic means. Based on our research, we have determined the specifics of the use of aphorisms in the novel «The Portrait of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. We found that English-language aphorisms contain a pragmatic attitude of humiliation and self-deprecation, which are used very limitedly in the novel «The Picture of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. Aphorisms with a pragmatic attitude of justification and self-justification are used much more widely. According to our research, we have proved that the most common are aphorisms containing a pragmatic attitude of criticism.

The Icons in the Story of Al-Zill Al-Ari [The Naked Shadow] A Semiotic Study

This paper aims to present a semiotic reading of the Icon in the story of Al-Zill Al-Ari [The Naked Shadow] by the Yemeni short story writer and novelist Mohammed Al-Gharbi Imran. This paper is grounded in the critical semiotic approach to seeks to reveal the meaning of the Icons represented in the story by tracing the process of signification and the dynamics of importance within the story discourse. The study explores the implications of the Icons to produce general significance and to embody them in the context of the story discourse where its elements intermingle to reveal close and far meanings. The story of Al-Zill Al-Ari revolves around the character Alwan, who strives for a better life for himself. Still, he faces several obstacles that prevented him from fulfilling his aspirations.The story has an implicit criticism of the situation in Yemen. The writer implicitly criticizes the economic, social, and political life in Yemen. The study aims to highlight the importance of the Icon and the semiotic analysis of the literary texts.

The Icons in the Story of Al-Zill Al-Ari [The Naked Shadow] A Semiotic Study

This paper aims to present a semiotic reading of the Icon in the story of Al-Zill Al-Ari [The Naked Shadow] by the Yemeni short story writer and novelist Mohammed Al-Gharbi Imran. This paper is grounded in the critical semiotic approach to seeks to reveal the meaning of the Icons represented in the story by tracing the process of signification and the dynamics of importance within the story discourse. The study explores the implications of the Icons to produce general significance and to embody them in the context of the story discourse where its elements intermingle to reveal close and far meanings. The story of Al-Zill Al-Ari revolves around the character Alwan, who strives for a better life for himself. Still, he faces several obstacles that prevented him from fulfilling his aspirations.The story has an implicit criticism of the situation in Yemen. The writer implicitly criticizes the economic, social, and political life in Yemen. The study aims to highlight the importance of the Icon and the semiotic analysis of the literary texts.

When the Weatherman Says ‘It’s Raining’

This chapter will spell out the general significance of weather reports and detail some of the so-called ‘weatherman’ thought experiments designed to trigger pragmatist intuitions against the view that meteorological predicates project or lexically encode a locative argument. I shall defend the style of these thought experiments against some objections that rightly point out that the extant experiments do not establish what they purport to do; that is, the thought experiments are perfectly consistent with reading weather reports as essentially locative. Some alternative thought experiments will be presented that evade the complaint. The chapter will also caution against putting too much weight on them.

Natural Justice, Law, and Virtue in Hobbes’s Leviathan

Scholars debate whether Hobbes held to a command theory of law or to a natural law theory, and to what extent they are compatible. Curiously, however, Hobbes summarizes his own teachings by claiming that it is “natural justice” that sovereigns should study, an idea that recalls ancient virtue ethics and which is seemingly incompatible with both command and natural law theory. The purpose of this article is to explicate the general significance of natural justice in Leviathan. It is argued that below the formal and ideological claims regarding the law’s legitimacy, the effective ground of the legitimacy of both the civil and natural laws is sovereign virtue. In turn, it is argued that the model for this idea was found in Aristotle. As such, this article constitutes a general recasting of Hobbes’s legal philosophy with a focus on the natural person of the sovereign.

Introduction

This coauthored introduction to the volume Rilke’s “Sonnets to Orpheus”: Philosophical and Critical Perspectives discusses the philosophical character and reception of Rilke’s poetry and both the importance and the challenges of interpreting Rilke’s work philosophically. A claim is made for the general significance of dialogue between poetry and philosophy and for the distinctive way in which Rilke’s poetry addresses philosophical concerns. This introduction also situates The Sonnets to Orpheus—the focus of the volume—in the context of Rilke’s oeuvre (with special attention to their connections to the Duino Elegies), discusses their scholarly reception, and provides a synopsis of the essays featured in the volume and of how they unite philosophical, critical, and poetic perspectives.

Der Zusammenhang von Kontrahierungszwang und Beschränkung der vertraglichen Inhaltsfreiheit am Beispiel von Entgeltregelungen für Basiskonten

This thesis investigates the interaction between the obligation to contract and the limitations to the free bargaining of the conditions of these contracts, in theory as well as in practice, focusing on the new right of consumers to open a basic bank account. It is the aim of the EU Directive and the German “Zahlungskontengesetz (ZKG)” to guarantee consumers’ access to a basic bank account in order to ensure that consumers may participate in non-cash payments. Yet, the effectivity of the ZKG’s obligation to contract is significantly impaired at the moment, resulting from the fact that the banks may charge an “appropriate” account fee for the opening and the account processing of the basic bank accounts. Hence, the thesis focuses on the problems related to the account fees, especially on the question which account fees are actually “appropriate”. Furthermore, the thesis investigates the general significance of bank accounts in daily life, the legal and political discussion which ultimately led to the enactment of the EU Directive and the German “Zahlungskontengesetz (ZKG)” and the new restrictions for the banks in connection with the dismissal of basic bank accounts.