COVID-19 Tracking Mobile Application at ITCG

Objectives: Implement a mobile application to control COVID-19 in all its variants, containing or reducing the spread of the virus during the return to face-to-face classes at the ITCG. Methodology: The project was developed in Android Studio using different libraries and technological resources. You have access to a web server with a MySQL database. The application allows scanning the QR code of the visited site from the mobile application, reporting a positive case and vaccine reactions, monitoring any unusual adverse effects, as well as receiving notifications via SMS. Contribution: Contain the advance of the virus, avoiding saturating health systems, monitoring users in the event of any eventuality. The application was distributed to the student community of the Technological Institute of Ciudad Guzmán (ITCG) during the application of the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine, to monitor any symptoms, as well as positive cases during the return to face-to-face classes.

b) Uruguay: Extreme Positive Case Study (Latin America)

Secularisation and religiosity in Uruguay are closer to Western European levels than to Latin American averages. The idea of medieval “Christendom” inherited from Hispanic times became obsolete and residual in Uruguay already during the nineteenth century (which is early compared to the rest of Latin America).Uruguay closely followed the laïcité model of the French Revolution without ever completely replicating it. This process resulted in the widespread secularisation of institutional fields, displaced religion to the domestic sphere, and guaranteed the freedom of consciousness and religion.In Uruguay, as well as in Switzerland, Protestantism has played a crucial role along with liberalism in introducing anti-clericalism (and religious freedom) in its constitution and therefore also in its institutions. Protestantism, then, has played a decisive role in shaping the trajectory of democracy, human capital, ethics, transparency, secularisation, and social progress.

Malaysian and Italian trend line for Covid-19: A study on trend analysis

The first objective of this study was to evaluate trend line pattern, obtain the appropriate statistical equation model, and predict individual numbers infected by Covid-19. The second objective is to obtain a predictive equation model and forecast death rate for Malaysia and Italy. Malaysia's first positive case Covid-19 recorded January 24, 2020, consisting of three cases. Collected from January 24 to March 29, 2020. Sixty-six day-observations, based on their trend line pattern, earned special attention. Although the first positive case was identified on January 31, 2020, involving two patients. From January 31 to March 29, 2020, approximately 59 observations were collected from Italy. On 18 March 2020, the pattern will contrast with the Malaysian Movement Control Order (MCO). Malaysia and Italy collect death figures. A similar methodology will be applied to find the best-fitted model that fits both countries' death-number scenario. In Italy, the number of Covid-19-infected patients rises and meets quadratic trend line patterns. This induces extreme public distress and diversion. The quadratic trend line series analysed individual Covid-19-infected results. After March 18, 2020, it will continue to use a linear pattern. However, trend deaths also follow quadratic trend line pattern. Trend-line quadratic matched Italy's results. The quadratic line-of-trend model projection demonstrated dominance in estimating infected Covid-19. The quadratic death line from daily death collection data also showed superiority in estimating death number. The fitted quadratic model is better fitted in the Malaysian case, but the pattern shifts to linear trend line after MCO is implemented.

Eliminations and Reductions II

This chapter examines and argues against attempts to eliminate the category of substantive rationality or reduce it to structural rationality. Together with the previous chapter—which argues against eliminations and reductions of the converse kind—it thereby provides a positive case for dualism about rationality according to which both kinds of rationality are genuine and neither is reducible to the other. On the way, it also argues against ideal attitudes accounts of reasons; neo-Kantian views according to which it’s structurally irrational to be immoral; and radical forms of coherentism and Bayesianism in epistemology.

Eliminations and Reductions I

This chapter examines and argues against attempts to eliminate the category of structural rationality or reduce it to substantive rationality. Together with the following chapter—which argues against eliminations and reductions of the converse kind—it thereby provides a positive case for dualism about rationality, according to which both kinds of rationality are genuine and neither is reducible to the other. On the way, it also argues that there are cases where being substantively rational does not suffice for being structurally rational, and examines the preface paradox and cases of misleading higher-order evidence.

The Performance of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing In Suspected Central Nervous System Infection

Background: To explore the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology in patients of suspected central nervous system infection.Methods: From January 2018 to March 2021, 75 cases were enrolled in this retrospective analysis at Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital. The clinical data of patients with suspected central nervous system infection who underwent cerebrospinal fluid mNGS were analyzed. The performances of mNGS were compared with the conventional methods.Result: The sensitivity of mNGS, culture and smear in the diagnosis of 75 patients were 55%, 4.4%, 6.7%; theirs’specificity were 54.3%, 100%, 100%; theirs’ positive predictive value (PPV ) were 57.9%, 100%, 100%; theirs’negative predictive value (NPV) were 51.4%, 41.4%, 41.7%, respectively. There was 41(54.6%) cases whose mNGS results were consistent with the final diagnosis. 22(29.3%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS positive/Case consistent; 19( 25.3%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS negative/Case consistent; 18(24%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS positive/Case inconsistent; 16(21.3%) mNGS results were considered as both mNGS negative/Case inconsistent. mNGS identified 35 irrelavant pathogens in this study.Conclusion: mNGS showed a high sensitivity compared to conventional methods. There are still several challenges in clinical application. It is necessary to establish unified and effective standards for interpreting mNGS results.

A Contextualist Account of Moral Responsibility

If the ability analysis of control is correct, it demonstrates that abilities are pivotal to an account of the control required for moral responsibility. But the precise details do not matter for the argument of the last two chapters. All that requires is the much less contentious claim that abilities to do otherwise are part of an analysis of robust control. If this is so, then the issue of the consequences of a contextualist theory of agential modals for a theory of moral responsibility arises. The aim of this chapter is to begin exploring these consequences. The first four sections outline a positive case for the view that our attributions of moral responsibility have different semantic values relative to different contexts of utterance. This argument draws upon the preceding considerations, semantic evidence, the argument from manipulation, and experimental data regarding our folk intuitions. The chapter ends by contrasting the resulting contextualist analysis of moral responsibility with an alternative proposal, offered by Björnsson and Persson.

Obligations of Conscience

In this paper, I outline and defend a commonly-held moral view which has received surprisingly little sustained philosophical attention. This view, which I call the ‘authority of conscience,’ states that believing ourselves to have moral obligations to act in a certain way does in fact create an obligation to act in that way. Although I do not provide a positive case for the principle of authoritative conscience, beyond its popularity and intuitive force, I defend it against several prima facie objections. I then go on to demonstrate that the principle does not entail any anti-realist metaethical commitments, and is therefore compatible in particular, and contrary to appearances, with plausible formulations of moral realism.

EP.WE.339The Role of a “Clean Ward” Model in Minimizing COVID-19 Exposure for Elective General Surgical Patients

Aims To assess if a “clean ward” model is effective in preventing peri-operative COVID-19 infection in elective general surgical patients. Methods Elective general surgical cases were audited prospectively in three thirty-day cycles - May–July 2020, September–October 2020 and December 2020–January 2021. Patients isolated for 10 days and required a negative COVID swab prior to admission. Nursing and surgical staff underwent weekly swabbing, operations were carried out in a dedicated “clean theatre” and a no-visiting policy was enforced. Inpatient COVID cases and COVID-19 status at 14 days post discharge were recorded and compared to the community COVID-19 Reproduction (R) number. Results Cycle 1, (May-Jul 20, R number=0.3-1.5) 44 elective patients. One patient was diagnosed with clinical COVID post-operatively and recovered well. Cycle 2, (Sept-Oct 20, R number=0.8-1.8) 57 patients identified. No positive COVID-19 cases during inpatient admission or at 14 days post discharge. Cycle 3, (Dec 20-Jan 21, R number=1.0-1.9) 38 elective patients. One patient tested positive for COVID-19 following transfer to the emergency surgical ward due to COVID-19 related bed pressures. No other positive cases were identified during follow up. Conclusions Despite an ongoing rise in community COVID-19 cases, the “clean ward” model appears to be effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission for elective general surgical patients. When the R number was at its highest, the only COVID positive case developed symptoms after moving from the “clean ward” system. Extrapolation of this model could be considered in re-establishing elective operating lists across the region.

Boons amidst the banes- during COVID-19 pandemic

India recorded its first Covid-19 positive case in Kerala on January 30, 2020. This was followed by nationwide lockdown in 4 different phases from 25th March to 31st May 2020 and an unlock period thereafter. This pandemic brought many unseen challenges to the world. On one side human lives were put at risk, on the other side nature was recreating itself. Many diseases other than covid dropped down in massive percentage. The public understood the importance of handwashing, vaccination, covering mouth and nose while coughing and sneezing during this pandemic. Children facing this Covid pandemic had understood the importance of the role played by hygiene and social distancing in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Every coin has two faces, likewise, this pandemic has both positive and negative effects and we focus on positive effects in this article.