Beyond balance: To understand “bias,” social psychology needs to address issues of politics, power, and social perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Haslam ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Jolanda Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Primary Problem

Krueger & Funder's (K&F's) diagnosis of social psychology's obsession with bias is correct and accords with similar observations by self-categorization theorists. However, the analysis of causes is incomplete and suggestions for cures are flawed. The primary problem is not imbalance, but a failure to acknowledge that social reality has different forms, depending on one's social and political vantage point in relation to a specific social context.

scholarly journals The Contemplative Influence of Cognition and Recognition on Participation and Celebration of Holy Communion

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ferdi P. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Holy Communion

This article focuses on the importance, and also on the possible value of the concepts of cognition and recognition for reflection on what should actually happen during celebration of Holy Communion. The vantage-point in this approach is that celebration has in its essence that it should be a meaningful experience. The meaningfulness consists of the intriguing fact that participants are participating in Christ’s body and in his blood while celebrating Holy Communion. In celebrating Holy Communion, people are engaging in a ritual that involves interaction with a variety of symbols. The methodological insights of Browning (1996) that described the lapse of a research activity ranging from description, to systemizing (exploring practical wisdom and understanding), to strategizing (practicing strategic practical theology) will be adhered to. The research problem for this research could be formulated in the following manner, namely: “Could the cognizance of the lenses of cognition and recognition of the deeper message of Holy Communion enrich the conscious appropriation of salvation while celebrating the sacrament of Holy Communion?” The research problem is addressed from the vantage-point of understanding sacraments from a Reformed paradigm. The concepts of cognition and recognition are highlighted from a brief historical description of what is a sacrament and also taking into account the insights from social psychology regarding the essence of the concepts of cognition and recognition. The article further elaborates on the functioning of the concepts of cognition (phronesis) and recognition (anamnesis). In the last section, the article utilizes a hermeneutical interaction between descriptive and systemizing perspectives in order to formulate strategizing perspectives on how a problematic praxis could possibly be addressed regarding people’s experiences on participation in Holy Communion through the meaningful lenses of cognition and recognition.

A realistic view on disagreement: Roots, resolutions, and the trauma of the scientist

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Simon
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Normative Implications

Building on insights from social psychology and political philosophy, I develop a realistic view on disagreement. According to this view, disagreements among people can be traced back to the heterogeneity of social reality and people’s differing social positioning in it with the relativity of identities playing a mediating role. I discuss theoretical and meta-theoretical as well as practical and normative implications of such a view. I also look into the fate of the scientist when she leaves the narrow confines of academia and enters the public sphere in order to intervene in disagreements. Drawing on the vertical structuration of social reality and the corresponding hierarchical or nested nature of people’s identities, I elaborate on a promising path to the resolution of disagreement, in which both scientists and social critics can play constructive roles. This elaboration eventually puts a proceduralist slant on my realistic view on disagreements and their resolution.

scholarly journals Respons Publik Muda Islam tentang Kepemimpinan Non-Muslim di Indonesia

Al-Ulum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Hasse J
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
National Leadership

This paper discusses the young Muslim public's response to non-Muslim leadership in Indonesia. The democratic system provides equal opportunities for everyone to be leaders in various levels of government. However, the debate over non-Muslim leaders remains common, especially in this contemporary era. How the young Muslim public tendency to respond to non-Muslims leadership becomes the point discussed in this paper. This study finds out that there were three young Muslim public tendencies regarding to non-Muslim leadership. First, the tendency of those groups expressively denies the leadership of non-Muslims. The explanation of the Islami texts authority, the Muslim social reality, and the history of national leadership form the basis of this group's thinking. Second, there were groups that accept on the basis of reason, i.e. the social context and political interests, namely anyone has the opportunity and opportunity to be a leader among the Muslim majority. Third, groups that tend to accept with certain conditions, such as having the ability, commitment to uphold the values ​​of Islam, and non-discrimination.

The role of context in sociolinguistic perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hilton ◽  
Sunwoo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Social Inferences

AbstractPrevious research demonstrates that listeners make social inferences about people based on how they speak, and that these inferences vary depending on the linguistic and social context. An open question is exactly how contextual enrichment (i.e. information about the speaker and speaking situation) comes to influence sociolinguistic perception. This paper addresses this question by analyzing data from 10 perception experiments investigating three different linguistic phenomena: number agreement in existential there constructions, intonation contours in declarative sentences, and overlapping speech in conversation. We observe an overall trend that increasing contextual enrichment obscures the effects of linguistic forms. In contextually impoverished stimuli, number nonagreement and rising declaratives trigger perceptions that speakers are less educated and more polite, respectively, but show no effect on listener perceptions when embedded in more contextually rich stimuli. By contrast, overlapping speech shows robust effects on perceived interruptiveness, even in contextually rich stimuli. Drawing on theories from social psychology and linguistic anthropology, we argue that if listeners are able to form sufficient impressions of speakers before encountering the target linguistic feature, they will not modify their impressions to incorporate the social meanings conveyed by the target linguistic feature, unless these social meanings are highly enregistered.

Demonstrating Dynamic Social Impact: Consolidation, Clustering, Correlation, and (Sometimes) the Correct Answer

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Harton ◽  
Laura R. Green ◽  
Craig Jackson ◽  
Bibb Latané
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Social

This demonstration illustrates principles of group dynamics and dynamic social impact and can be used in classes in social psychology or group dynamics. Students discuss their answers to multiple-choice questions with neighbors and answer them again. Discussion consistently leads to the consolidation (reduced diversity), clustering (spatial-self-organization), correlation (emergent linkages), and continuing diversity of responses. “Truth” does not necessarily win, showing that the social reality of the group may be more important than objective reality.

Précis of Social Perception and Social Reality: Why accuracy dominates bias and self-fulfilling prophecy

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Jussim
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Expectancy Effects ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Error Bias ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractSocial Perception and Social Reality (Jussim 2012) reviews the evidence in social psychology and related fields and reaches three conclusions: (1) Although errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception are real, reliable, and occasionally quite powerful, on average, they tend to be weak, fragile, and fleeting. (2) Perceptions of individuals and groups tend to be at least moderately, and often highly accurate. (3) Conclusions based on the research on error, bias, and self-fulfilling prophecies routinely greatly overstate their power and pervasiveness, and consistently ignore evidence of accuracy, agreement, and rationality in social perception. The weight of the evidence – including some of the most classic research widely interpreted as testifying to the power of biased and self-fulfilling processes – is that interpersonal expectations relate to social reality primarily because they reflect rather than cause social reality. This is the case not only for teacher expectations, but also for social stereotypes, both as perceptions of groups, and as the bases of expectations regarding individuals. The time is long overdue to replace cherry-picked and unjustified stories emphasizing error, bias, the power of self-fulfilling prophecies, and the inaccuracy of stereotypes, with conclusions that more closely correspond to the full range of empirical findings, which includes multiple failed replications of classic expectancy studies, meta-analyses consistently demonstrating small or at best moderate expectancy effects, and high accuracy in social perception.

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