Go to Fight! parents' experiences in caring for their disabled child / Ir à Luta! vivências dos pais nos cuidados do filho com deficiência

The objective was to understand the experience of parents in caring for children with disabilities. The Grounded Theory was adopted as a methodological framework, 9 parents of children and adults with intellectual or multiple disabilities were interviewed, between August/2015 and June/2016. The categories were obtained: Pre, peri, post-natal aspects, Posture assumed by the professional, Go to Fight! and Another world. It is, therefore, a parenting that is configured as these parents enter the Another world, which leads them to adjust their practices and beliefs about their child, about themselves and the universe of disability, sometimes under a perception of disability as a social disadvantage and incapacity, having as an intervening factor the Posture assumed by the professional, thus knowing these experiences from the GT allows: the improvement of care practices for these parents and their children, the planning of actions psychoeducational from a social perspective of disability in order to empower them and guide them about aspects of their children's development, enabling a look beyond the diagnosis and a more positive family adaptation.

Narratives and Life Stories From the Machine to the Person

Contemporary society changes its social perspective from an anthropocentric environment to a space in which intelligent algorithms, present in every digital device, are increasingly acquiring a status of subject and less of object. Existential practices change at every moment, at every access to these intelligent agents who, in addition to supporting the user's requests, become anticipatory and prescient, demonstrating how it is essential, today, to sociologically analyse society through the image it gives the car. The intent of the contribution, mainly of a theoretical nature, will be to dialogue on the centrality of artificial intelligence as a leading actress of the multiple manifestations of digital cultures and practices, with the aim of renewing the debate on reflection on contemporary complexity starting from the event.

A Cost–Benefit Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination in Catalonia

(1) Background: In epidemiological terms, it has been possible to calculate the savings in health resources and the reduction in the health effects of COVID vaccines. Conducting an economic evaluation, some studies have estimated its cost-effectiveness; the vaccination shows highly favorable results, cost-saving in some cases. (2) Methods: Cost–benefit analysis of the vaccination campaign in the North Metropolitan Health Region (Catalonia). An epidemiological model based on observational data and before and after comparison is used. The information on the doses used and the assigned resources (conventional hospital beds, ICU, number of tests) was extracted from administrative data from the largest primary care provider in the region (Catalan Institute of Health). A distinction was made between the social perspective and the health system. (3) Results: the costs of vaccination are estimated at 137 million euros (€48.05/dose administered). This figure is significantly lower than the positive impacts of the vaccination campaign, which are estimated at 470 million euros (€164/dose administered). Of these, 18% corresponds to the reduction in ICU discharges, 16% to the reduction in conventional hospital discharges, 5% to the reduction in PCR tests and 1% to the reduction in RAT tests. The monetization of deaths and cases that avoid sequelae account for 53% and 5% of total savings, respectively. The benefit/cost ratio is estimated at 3.4 from a social perspective and 1.4 from a health system perspective. The social benefits of vaccination are estimated at €116.67 per vaccine dose (€19.93 from the perspective of the health system). (4) Conclusions: The mass vaccination campaign against COVID is cost-saving. From a social perspective, most of these savings come from the monetization of the reduction in mortality and cases with sequelae, although the intervention is equally widely cost-effective from the health system perspective thanks to the reduction in the use of resources. It is concluded that, from an economic perspective, the vaccination campaign has high social returns.

Género, familia y cambio social. Ensayo sobre una entelequia

The difficulties presented by the study of the relationship between gender, family and social change, can be presented as an entelechy, in all its senses, from its linguistic meaning of unreality to the Aristotelian philosophical concept, therefore, the problem is studied with the model essayistic that allows to resort to analysis from the perspective of social history, showing its historiographic implication in the emergence of these phenomena, and in the methodological possibility offered by said social perspective of history to integrate cultural, literary and artistic aspects, which allow to explain said phenomena and their contribution to human knowledge of the processes of inequality and equality that historically affect relations between men and women. La complejidad omnicomprensiva que presenta el estudio de fenómenos históricos como la relación entre género, familia y cambio social, pueden presentarse como una entelequia, en todos sus sentidos, desde su significado lingüístico de irrealidad al concepto filosófico aristotélico, por ello, el problema se ha estudiado con el modelo ensayístico, que permite recurrir al análisis desde la perspectiva de la Historia social, mostrando su implicación historiográfica en la emergencia de dichos fenómenos, y en la posibilidad metodológica que ofrece dicha perspectiva social de la Historia de integrar las fuentes culturales, literarias y artísticas, que permiten explicar dichos fenómenos y su contribución al conocimiento humano de los procesos de desigualdad e igualdad que afectan históricamente a las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres.

Cost-effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination of infants in the Russian Federation

Generalized forms of invasive meningococcal desease (IMD) are very dangerous because they have a high mortality rate.The aim of the work was to assess the cost-effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination of infants with the 4-valent MenACWY-D conjugate vaccine in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. Cost-effectiveness analysis based on epidemiological data for the Russian Federation was carried out by a modeling method with a horizon of 80 years from the position of the healthcare system and taking into account the social perspective. Vaccination costs were calculated on the basis of the registered price of the vaccine, including VAT, the costs of GFMI therapy and patient rehabilitation – based on the compulsory medical insurance tariffs in St. Petersburg for 2021. Indirect costs due to temporary disability of patients’ parents, disability of patients and premature death were estimated by the lost GDP. In the base case, costs were discounted by 3,5% per year, life expectancy – by 1,5% per year.Results. Given the assumptions made, the average lifetime burden of a child’s illness is 17,556 million rubles. (no discounting). In the base case, the incremental cost per LYG from the payer perspective – 7,821 million rubles, and from the social perspective – 3,328 million rubles. Incremental cost per QALY – 5,350 million rubles and 2,277 million rubles, respectively. The most important factors that have a significant impact on the cost-effectiveness of vaccination are the incidence of IMD, the price of the vaccine, and the value of the discounting of costs and life expectancy.Conclusions. Given the assumptions made, meningococcal vaccination of infants with 4-valent meningococcal vaccine can be considered as a viable option.

The Overview of the Economic System in Papal Encyclicals

The article is an analysis and presentation of the overview of economic systems to which the popes of that time referred in their documents, most often in encyclicals. The article presents the image of society in the economic and social perspective as well as interpretations and comments on a specific system, which were included in the papal encyclicals. The article is a presentation of how popes in encyclicals responded to the emerging changes in the political system and new economic ideas.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination in Catalonia

(1) Background: in epidemiological terms, it has been possible to calculate the savings in health resources and the reduction in health effects of COVID vaccines. From the point of view of economic evaluation, some studies have estimated its cost-effectiveness with the vaccination showing highly favorable results, which in some cases is cost-saving; (2) Methods: a cost-benefit analysis of the vaccination campaign in the North Metropolitan Health Region (Catalonia). An epidemiological model based on observational data and before and after comparison is used. The information on the doses used and the resources assigned (conventional hospital beds, ICU, number of tests) has been extracted from administrative data from the largest Primary Care provider in the region (Catalan Institute of Health). A distinction is made between the social perspective and the health system; (3) Results: the costs of vaccination are estimated at 137 million euros (€48.05/dose administered). This figure is significantly lower than the positive impacts of the vaccination campaign, which are estimated at 470 million euros (€164/dose administered). Of these, 18% corresponds to the reduction of ICU discharges, 16% to the reduction in conventional hospital discharges, 5% to the reduction in PCR tests and 1% to the reduction of RAT tests. Monetization of deaths and cases with sequelae avoided account for 53% and 5% of total savings, respectively. The benefit/cost ratio is estimated at 3.4 from a social perspective and 1.41 from a health system perspective. The social benefits of vaccination are estimated at €116.67 per dose of vaccine given (€19.93 from the point of view of the health system); (4) Conclusions: the mass vaccination campaign against COVID is cost-saving. From a social perspective, most of these savings come from the monetization of the reduction in mortality and cases with sequelae, although the intervention is equally widely cost-effective from the point of view of the health system thanks to the reduction in the use of resources. It is concluded that, from an economic perspective, the vaccination campaign has high social returns.