Impulsivity, dual diagnosis, and the structure of motivated behavior in addiction

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Motivated Behavior

AbstractDefining brain mechanisms that control and adapt motivated behavior will not only advance addiction treatment. It will help society see that addiction is a disease that erodes free will, rather than representing a free will that asks for or deserves consequences of drug-use choices. This science has important implications for understanding addiction's comorbidity in mental illness and reducing associated public health and criminal justice burdens.

Substance use, mental health, chronic medical conditions and criminal justice contact in a nationally representative sample

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Kopak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact

Purpose The amount of overlap between criminal justice practices and public health is growing and more research is needed to guide new initiatives. This study was designed to assess the relationships between various chronic medical conditions, substance use severity, mental health indicators and criminal justice contact using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Design/methodology/approach Analyses were conducted in three stages to comprehensively examine the relationships between various indicators of physical health, mental health, substance use severity and criminal justice contact. Findings Results demonstrate indicators of substance use severity surpass physical and mental health conditions as stronger determinants of any criminal justice contact, as well as repeated interactions with police. In addition, combinations of multiple conditions increase the likelihood of criminal justice involvement, but substance use remains a consistent factor contributing to the strongest associations. These findings highlight the importance of capitalizing on the initial point of criminal justice contact to address substance use to prevent further and subsequent involvement in the system. Research limitations/implications Criminal justice initiatives based on least harm solutions require evidence to support public health-oriented approaches. The unique approach to examining the intersection of criminal justice practices and health provided in this study can be used to inform alternates to arrest. Practical implications The least harmful practices should be adopted to address health conditions at the time of criminal justice contact. These practices should focus heavily on injection drug use as a primary factor associated with the prior arrest. Practices designed to divert arrestees with health conditions away from jails are needed. Law enforcement practices can significantly benefit from public health-oriented approaches. Originality/value Criminal justice initiatives based on least harm solutions require evidence to support public health-oriented approaches. The unique approach to examining the intersection of criminal justice practices and health provided in this study can be used to inform alternates to arrest.

Free Will Skepticism, Freedom, and Criminal Behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Focquaert ◽  
Andrea L. Glenn ◽  
Adrian Raine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Moral Enhancement ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Free Will Skepticism

In Chapter 13, the authors address the issue of free will skepticism and criminal behavior, asking how we should, as a society, deal with criminal behavior in the current era of neuroexistentialism and if our belief in free will is essential to adequately addressing it, or if neurocriminology offer a new way of addressing crime without resorting to backward-looking notions of moral responsibility and guilt. They argue for a neurocriminological approach to “moral answerability” and forward-looking claims of responsibility that focus on the moral betterment or moral enhancement of individuals prone to criminal behavior and on reparative measures toward victims, placed within a broader public health perspective of human behavior. Within this framework, neurocriminology approaches to criminal behavior may provide specific guidance within a broader moral enhancement framework. Rather than undermining current criminal justice practices, the free will skeptics’ approach can draw on neurocriminological findings to reduce immoral behavior.

Criminal Procedure

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Michael Greenspan ◽  
Amar Mehta ◽  
Merrill Rotter ◽  
Jeremy Colley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles

Chapter 21 includes cases that have helped to define basic principles of criminal procedure. The cases do not all involve individuals with mental illness, but the opinions significantly affect how those individuals are processed in the criminal justice system. Robinson v. California and Powell v. Texas were critical in establishing the scope of prosecution permitted against individual with substance use disorders. The other cases in the chapter are Miranda v. Arizona, North Carolina v. Alford and Colorado v. Connelly. The newest case (Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Eldred) about an alleged violation of probation for recurrent drug use, revisits the Robinson and Powell issue of potentially punishing a person for the symptoms of her addiction (i.e. using drugs).

scholarly journals Drug use disorders: impact of a public health rather than a criminal justice approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora D. Volkow ◽  
Vladimir Poznyak ◽  
Shekhar Saxena ◽  
Gilberto Gerra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Use Disorders

scholarly journals Illegal drugs in the UK: Is it time for considered legalisation to improve public health?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205032452110053
Author(s):  
Phil Dalgarno ◽  
Steve O’Rawe ◽  
Richard Hammersley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk

This paper investigates options available to policy makers responding to the challenges of drug use in modern society, focussing on the UK. It investigates the failings of prohibition policy that has driven historic reactions to drugs, drug use and drug users globally, nationally and locally. This policy paradigm has been largely destructive and counter-productive and has led to a whole host of health and social problems. The authors have approached their investigation from a public health perspective, free from moral biases that have driven many policy initiatives until now. Many countries and regions of the world are rejecting prohibition as they move towards public health models in opposition to criminal justice responses, and this trend is continuing. Four policy models are examined; prohibition as the status quo; extension of prohibition to include alcohol and other drugs; decriminalisation; legalisation and regulation of all drugs. Each of these policy options are contested; none have universal support. However, given careful consideration, this paper proposes that our only way out of the public health and criminal justice crises that have been driven by drug policy globally is to adopt the more contentious option of legalisation and regulation of all drugs commonly used non medically.

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