Phrase Depicting Immoral Behavior Dilates Its Subjective Time Judgment

Intuitive moral emotions play a major role in forming our opinions and moral decisions. However, it is not yet known how we perceive the subjective time of moral-related information. In this study, we compared subjective durations of phrases depicting immoral, disgust, or neutral behaviors in a duration bisection task and found that phrases depicting immoral behavior were perceived as lasting longer than the neutral and disgusting phrases. By contrast, the subjective duration of the disgusting phrase, unlike the immoral phrase, was comparable to the neutral phrase. Moreover, the lengthening effect of the immoral phrase relative to the neutral phrase was significantly correlated to the anonymously prosocial tendency of the observer. Our findings suggest that immoral phrases induce embodied moral reaction, which alters emotional state and subsequently lengthens subjective time.

Development of Parenting Models in Improving Children's Moral Development

The goal of the study was to find a good parenting model to improve moral development in children. In addition, it is expected that after this parenting model is applied by parents it can help reduce immoral behavior. This research is a model study where data collection techniques are carried out by distributing questionnaires to parents of children from 6-10 years of age who attend SDIT in the city of Medan. The population in the study was 3,904 and the sample numbered 350. From the results obtained in this study, the parenting model that is best used to develop child morale is authoritarian parenting where this parenting balances clear and high expectations with emotional support and recognition of children's autonomy. Authoritative parents try to direct the child, but in a rational way.

Harm Transgressions Only Induce Anger, Purity Transgressions Only Induce disgust? Experiment Based on Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure

The perspective of cognition in moral judgment has drawn much attention in early research, but more and more evidences from moral judgment researches have shown that moral emotion plays an important role in it. Under the simple context of moral judgment, Rottman and Young (2019) found dosage effect in moral domain, in detail, it has been proved that individuals are sensitive to the change of frequency of harm transgressions, but insensitive to purity transgressions. The mechanism might be the specific type of moral emotion of specific immoral behavior differ with each other that further caused the difference of sensitivity in dosage. But nowadays there are debate that if specific immoral behavior produces specific moral emotion, or specific immoral behavior produces several moral emotions. Our study aimed to explore the mechanism behind dosage effect and solve the questions above. We used implicit relational assessment procedure to find the automatic correspondences of harm violations – angry and purity violations – disgust. The results showed that no matter what type of stimulus are (In study 1, violations sentences matched emotional pictures; In study 2, violation sentences matched emotional words), participants’ reaction to the consistent relationships were faster than inconsistent relationships, that is, the correspondences we proposed were established. In the study 3, we wanted to find (1) if these correspondences were affected by the type of materials in experiment? (2) The total effect size of correspondences can reach to what extent? Single-paper meta-analysis was conducted and results showed medium to large effect size and the correspondences were not affected by materials, which supported moral foundation theory and provided explanations for dosage effect. Discussion further explained results from relational framework theory and the theory of evolution of emotion. This research provides theoretical framework in moral emotions.

The costs of lying: Consequences of telling self-centered and other-oriented lies for the self-esteem and affect of liars

Deceiving others is generally viewed as immoral. However, most people lie on a daily basis. This paper examines the psychological consequences for the liars themselves, as they are participating in what is generally perceived as immoral behavior. More specifically, this paper focuses on the effects of self-centered and other-oriented lying on the liar’s self-esteem and affect. We tested 1) if lying, in comparison to telling the truth, lowers liars’ self-esteem and positive affect and 2) if these effects are stronger for self-centered than other-oriented lying, as self-centered lying is generally seen as more immoral. In total, three cross-sectional and one longitudinal studies were conducted (N = 783). Results showed that lying decreased people’s self-esteem and increased negative affect, regardless of the type of lie. Furthermore, lying on a given day decreased people’s self-esteem compared to their self-esteem on the previous day and to their average level of self-esteem.

Immoral actors’ meta-perceptions are accurate but overly positive

We examine how actors think others perceive their immoral behavior (moral meta-perception) across a diverse set of real-world moral violations. Utilizing a novel methodology, we solicit written instances of actors’ immoral behavior (N_total=135), measure motives and meta-perceptions, then provide these accounts to separate samples of third-party observers (N_total=933), using US convenience and representative samples (N_actor-observer pairs=4,615). We find that immoral actors can accurately predict how they are perceived, how they are uniquely perceived relative to the average immoral actor, and how they are misperceived. Actors who are better at judging the motives of other immoral actors also have more accurate meta-perceptions. Yet accuracy is accompanied by two distinct biases: overestimating the positive perceptions others’ hold, and believing one’s motives are more clearly perceived than they are. These results contribute to a detailed account of the multiple components underlying both accuracy and bias in moral meta-perception.

Environmental Aesthetic Value Influences the Intention for Moral Behavior: Changes in Behavioral Moral Judgment

The environment affects moral behavior. Previous research found that a beautiful environment leads to pro-social behavior, which is related to behavioral intention. However, the effect of environmental aesthetic value on immoral and moral behavior remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the effect of environmental aesthetic value on behavioral intention and its possible mechanisms. We conducted four experiments. Experiment 1 adopted the priming paradigm and IAT paradigm to explore the relationship between environmental aesthetic value and behavioral intention. It used photographs of the environment as priming stimuli and scene drawings of behavior as target stimuli. The results showed that participants had a higher intention to engage in moral behavior in an environment with a high aesthetic value, and a lower intention to engage in immoral behavior, compared to in an environment with a low aesthetic value. Similarly, an environment with a low aesthetic value was related to immoral behavior. Experiment 2 further explored the possible mechanism for the above results: changes in moral judgment. The results showed that moral judgment in different environments may lead to different behavioral intentions. The current study extends prior research by demonstrating the effect of environmental aesthetic value on behavioral intention and moral judgment, and good knowledge about the relationship between environmental aesthetic value and moral behavior. In addition, it provides a new hypothesis for the relationship between environment and behavior according to the results of the environment–behavior matching hypothesis, which can provide a new perspective on moral education.

Government Supervision on Explosive Enterprises’ Immoral Behaviors in E-Commerce Enterprises: An Evolutionary Game Analysis

Explosive enterprises’ immoral behaviors in the online shopping market are widespread and have not been effectively solved. Especially in developing countries, there is a direct relationship between massive immoral behaviors and the inefficiency of government supervision. Using an evolutionary game, this paper finds that immoral behavior is more likely to spread in online markets than in traditional markets. Only when government supervision and punishment are large enough and government’s punishment for the illegal enterprise exceeds extra supervision costs that government pays, explosive immoral behaviors can be curbed. Additionally, consumer support is an essential factor in improving the efficiency of government supervision. This study sorts out the interactions between e-commerce market participants and the government, obtains a path to achieve efficient government regulation, and offers management insights. The findings can serve as a reference for ensuring order in the emerging online shopping market and can also provide theoretical references for future related research.

Fans, Crimes and Misdemeanors: Fandom and the Ethics of Love

Is it permissible to be a fan of an artist or a sports team that has behaved immorally? While this issue has recently been the subject of widespread public debate, it has received little attention in the philosophical literature. This paper will investigate this issue by examining the nature and ethics of fandom. I will argue that the crimes and misdemeanors of the object of fandom provide three kinds of moral reasons for fans to abandon their fandom. First, being a fan of the immoral may provide support for their immoral behavior. Second, fandom alters our perception in ways that will often lead us to be fail to perceive our idol’s faults and even to adopting immoral points of view in order to be able to maintain the positive view we have of them. Third, fandom, like friendship, may lead us to engage in acts of loyalty to protect the interests of our idols. This gives fans of the immoral good reason to abandon their fandom. However, these reasons will not always be conclusive and, in some cases, it may be possible to instead adopt a critical form of fandom.