Human tool behavior is species-specific and remains unique

Susan Cachel

doi:10.1017/s0140525x11001981

Human tool behavior is species-specific and remains unique

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x11001981 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 222-222

Author(s):

Susan Cachel

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Diagnostic Feature ◽

Archaeological Record ◽

Species Specific

AbstractHuman tool behavior is species-specific. It remains a diagnostic feature of humans, even when comparisons are made with closely related non-human primates. The archaeological record demonstrates both the deep antiquity of human tool behavior and its fundamental role in distinguishing human behavior from that of non-human primates.

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Do Sequential Lineups Impair Discriminability?

10.31234/osf.io/6bwdj ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Philip Kaesler ◽

John C Dunn ◽

Keith Ransom ◽

Carolyn Semmler

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Feature Detection ◽

Eyewitness Memory ◽

Simultaneous Presentation ◽

Diagnostic Feature ◽

Sequential Presentation ◽

Sequential Lineups ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Sequential Lineup ◽

Lineup Procedures

The debate regarding the best way to test and measure eyewitness memory has dominated the eyewitness literature for more than thirty years. We argue that to resolve this debate requires the development and application of appropriate measurement models. In this study we develop models of simultaneous and sequential lineup presentations and use these to compare the procedures in terms of discriminability and response bias. We tested a key prediction of the diagnostic feature detection hypothesis that discriminability should be greater for simultaneous than sequential lineups. We fit the models to the corpus of studies originally described by Palmer and Brewer (2012, Law and Human Behavior, 36(3), 247-255) and to data from a new experiment. The results of both investigations showed that discriminability did not differ between the two procedures, while responses were more conservative for sequential presentation compared to simultaneous presentation. We conclude that the two procedures do not differ in the efficiency with which they allow eyewitness memory to be expressed. We discuss the implications of this for the diagnostic feature detection hypothesis and other sequential lineup procedures used in current jurisdictions.

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Malus ×oxysepala (M. domestica Borkh. × M. sylvestris Mill.) – a new spontaneous apple hybrid

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2013.016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 147-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aneta Czarna ◽

Renata Nowińska ◽

Barbara Gawrońska

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Traits ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Feature ◽

Hybrid Species ◽

Molecular Investigation ◽

Specific Amplification ◽

Periclinal Walls ◽

Species Specific ◽

Genetic Profiles ◽

Seed Testa

A study of the three Malus species (M. domestica, M. sylvestris, and a hybrid species, M. domestica × M. sylvestris, which was named M. ×oxysepala) was carried out based on the morphological and micromorphological features and molecular investigation. Observations performed for 47 quantitative traits showed that this hybrid species exhibits intermediate values between M. domestica and M. sylvestris, or are similar to traits of one of the parents. Sepals proved to be the best diagnostic feature because they were acuminate and much longer than sepals in M. domestica and M. sylvestris. Seed testa cells are distinct, rimmed with straight anticlinal walls and strongly bulged periclinal walls. Simultaneous genetic analyses based on PCR RAPD reactions fully confirmed earlier morphological observations. Genetic profiles of the hybrid obtained with the use of 30 primers, next to species-specific amplification products, contain common products with each of the parents. However, both the profile analysis and the dendrogram constructed on its basis showed that the hybrid is genetically closer to M. sylvestris.

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Caregiver–chimpanzee interactions with species-specific behaviors

Interaction Studies ◽

10.1075/is.11.3.04jen ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 396-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mary Lee A. Jensvold ◽

Jacquelyn C. Buckner ◽

Gina B. Stadtner

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Specific Behavior ◽

Daily Interactions ◽

Species Specific ◽

Northwest Florida

The relationships between captive primates and their caregivers are critical ones and can affect animal welfare. This study tested the effect of caregivers using chimpanzee behaviors or not, in daily interactions with captive chimpanzees. In the Chimpanzee Behavior (CB) condition the caregiver presented chimpanzee behaviors. In the Human Behavior (HB) condition the caregiver avoided using chimpanzee behaviors. The chimpanzees had individual patterns of response and had significant differences in their responses to each condition. These data are compared to a similar study conducted at The Zoo Northwest Florida (ZNWF). Both groups of chimpanzees were sensitive and responsive to the differences in conditions. These data suggest ways to improve animal welfare. Keywords: chimpanzee behavior; animal welfare; species-specific behavior; husbandry

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Obscuring Cultural Patterns in the Archaeological Record: A Discussion from Southwestern Archaeology

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/281599 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 565-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Linda S. Cordell ◽

Steadman Upham ◽

Sharon L. Brock

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

American Southwest ◽

Archaeological Record ◽

Cultural Patterns ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Cultural Behavior ◽

The Past ◽

Archaeological Interpretation ◽

Southwestern Archaeology

Failure to distinguish clearly between human behavior and cultural behavior, as well as inattention to procedures for evaluating inferences about the past, undermine some recent efforts in archaeological interpretation. Examples from the archaeological literature of the American Southwest show how analytical confusion may arise when research strategies obscure cultural variability. We are especially concerned about instances in which archaeologists assume that variability in archaeological assemblages derives primarily or exclusively from variability in human behavior (rather than cultural behavior) or from noncultural processes that are instrumental in forming the archaeological record. Suggestions for modifying research strategies to avoid these problems are offered.

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Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119831 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 620-623

Author(s):

Linda Sicko-Goad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Size Range ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Specific Information ◽

Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽

Phytoplankton Productivity ◽

Ecosystem Effects ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

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