scholarly journals Malus ×oxysepala (M. domestica Borkh. × M. sylvestris Mill.) – a new spontaneous apple hybrid

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Czarna ◽  
Renata Nowińska ◽  
Barbara Gawrońska
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Seed Testa

<p>A study of the three <em>Malus</em> species (<em>M. domestica</em>, <em>M. sylvestris</em>, and a hybrid species, <em>M. domestica</em> × <em>M. sylvestris</em>, which was named <em>M.</em> ×<em>oxysepala</em>) was carried out based on the morphological and micromorphological features and molecular investigation. Observations performed for 47 quantitative traits showed that this hybrid species exhibits intermediate values between <em>M. domestica</em> and <em>M. sylvestris</em>, or are similar to traits of one of the parents. Sepals proved to be the best diagnostic feature because they were acuminate and much longer than sepals in <em>M. domestica</em> and <em>M. sylvestris</em>. Seed testa cells are distinct, rimmed with straight anticlinal walls and strongly bulged periclinal walls. Simultaneous genetic analyses based on PCR RAPD reactions fully confirmed earlier morphological observations. Genetic profiles of the hybrid obtained with the use of 30 primers, next to species-specific amplification products, contain common products with each of the parents. However, both the profile analysis and the dendrogram constructed on its basis showed that the hybrid is genetically closer to <em>M. sylvestris</em>.</p>

Human tool behavior is species-specific and remains unique

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
Susan Cachel
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractHuman tool behavior is species-specific. It remains a diagnostic feature of humans, even when comparisons are made with closely related non-human primates. The archaeological record demonstrates both the deep antiquity of human tool behavior and its fundamental role in distinguishing human behavior from that of non-human primates.

scholarly journals Development of species-specific Cichla species eDNA primers for alien invasive species (AIS) monitoring in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nurul Fizatul Nabilah ◽  
A. R. Ramizah ◽  
A. B. Adibah ◽  
S. Syazwan ◽  
A.G. Intan Faraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Invasive Fishes ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

Peacock bass or the cichlids are known locally as top predator fishes which are invasive in Malaysia freshwater system. Detection probabilities for these fishes are typically low, especially using conventional capture-survey method due to the fish’s behaviour of hiding beneath the water’s surface. Hence, the environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring is a relatively new approach that can be used to assess the distribution of these invasive fishes. Here, we report the strategy to develop small fragment (280- 400 bp) specific-specific primers for three selected invasive Cichla species namely, C. ocellaris, C. monoculus, and C. kelberi based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Current research showed that the developed species-specific primers from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene has high resolution at species level. Species-specific amplification tests also proved the specificity of the developed primers, securing the high- level species identification potential which may help in controlling the spread of alien invasive fish species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biochemical and serological methods to identify and clustering yeast cells of oral Candida species by CHROMagar test, SDS-PAGE and ELISA

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. de O. Rodrigues ◽  
J. F. Höfling ◽  
F. C. A. Tavares ◽  
K. M. R. Duarte ◽  
R. B. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Differential Medium ◽  
Oral Yeasts ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this work was to evaluate biochemical and serological methods to characterize and identify Candida species from the oral cavity. The strains used were five Candida species previously identified: C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus, as a negative control. The analyses were conducted through the SDS-PAGE associated with statistical analysis using software, chromogenic medium, and CHROMagar Candida (CA), as a differential medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of clinically important yeasts and an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), using antisera produced against antigens from two C. albicans strains. This method enabled the screening of the three Candida species: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. Krusei, with 100% of specificity. The ELISA using purified immunoglobulin G showed a high level of cross-reaction against protein extracts of Candida species. The SDS-PAGE method allowed the clustering of species-specific isolates using the Simple Matching coefficient, S SM = 1.0. The protein profile analysis by SDS-PAGE increases what is known about the taxonomic relationships among oral yeasts. This methodology showed good reproducibility and allows collection of useful information for numerical analysis on information relevant to clinical application, and epidemiological and systematical studies.

Species-specific amplification by PCR of ribosomal DNA from some equine strongyles

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-C. HUNG ◽  
R. B. GASSER ◽  
I. BEVERIDGE ◽  
N. B. CHILTON
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Strongylus Vulgaris ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Species Specific

The first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of 28 morphologically-defined species of horse strongyle were characterized, and specific oligonucleotide primers were designed for some species based on the nucleotide differences. Utilizing these primers, a PCR approach was developed for the specific amplification of ribosomal DNA of Strongylus vulgaris, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus or Cylicostephanus goldi. The method allowed the species-specific amplification of parasite DNA derived from faecal samples and/or copro-cultures, demonstrating the potential of the approach for the diagnosis of equine strongyloidosis. The establishment of this PCR assay also has implications for studying the biology and epidemiology of equine strongyles and anthelmintic resistance using faecal egg count reduction tests.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Toxic Cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Design of a Species-Specific PCR

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Wilson ◽  
Mark A. Schembri ◽  
Peter D. Baker ◽  
Christopher P. Saint
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Sequence Profiles ◽  
Toxic Bloom

ABSTRACT Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a toxic-bloom-forming cyanobacterium that is commonly found in tropical to subtropical climatic regions worldwide, but it is also recognized as a common component of cyanobacterial communities in temperate climates. Genetic profiles of C. raciborskii were examined in 19 cultured isolates originating from geographically diverse regions of Australia and represented by two distinct morphotypes. A 609-bp region of rpoC1, a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, was amplified by PCR from these isolates with cyanobacterium-specific primers. Sequence analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to the same species, including morphotypes with straight or coiled trichomes. Additional rpoC1 gene sequences obtained for a range of cyanobacteria highlighted clustering of C. raciborskii with other heterocyst-producing cyanobacteria (orders Nostocales andStigonematales). In contrast, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and short tandemly repeated repetitive sequence profiles revealed a greater level of genetic heterogeneity amongC. raciborskii isolates than did rpoC1 gene analysis, and unique band profiles were also found among each of the cyanobacterial genera examined. A PCR test targeting a region of therpoC1 gene unique to C. raciborskii was developed for the specific identification of C. raciborskiifrom both purified genomic DNA and environmental samples. The PCR was evaluated with a number of cyanobacterial isolates, but a PCR-positive result was only achieved with C. raciborskii. This method provides an accurate alternative to traditional morphological identification of C. raciborskii.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Species Specific Amplification of the Artemisinin Resistance-Associated Kelch Propeller Domain in P. falciparum and P. vivax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0136099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldin Talundzic ◽  
Stella M. Chenet ◽  
Ira F. Goldman ◽  
Dhruviben S. Patel ◽  
Julia A. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Hybrid speciation leads to novel male secondary sexual ornamentation of an Amazonian bird

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. E218-E225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo O. Barrera-Guzmán ◽  
Alexandre Aleixo ◽  
Matthew D. Shawkey ◽  
Jason T. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Hybrid Speciation ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Speciation Event ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Admixture Population ◽  
Species Specific

Hybrid speciation is rare in vertebrates, and reproductive isolation arising from hybridization is infrequently demonstrated. Here, we present evidence supporting a hybrid-speciation event involving the genetic admixture of the snow-capped (Lepidothrix nattereri) and opal-crowned (Lepidothrix iris) manakins of the Amazon basin, leading to the formation of the hybrid species, the golden-crowned manakin (Lepidothrix vilasboasi). We used a genome-wide SNP dataset together with analysis of admixture, population structure, and coalescent modeling to demonstrate that the golden-crowned manakin is genetically an admixture of these species and does not represent a hybrid zone but instead formed through ancient genetic admixture. We used spectrophotometry to quantify the coloration of the species-specific male crown patches. Crown patches are highly reflective white (snow-capped manakin) or iridescent whitish-blue to pink (opal-crowned manakin) in parental species but are a much less reflective yellow in the hybrid species. The brilliant coloration of the parental species results from nanostructural organization of the keratin matrix feather barbs of the crown. However, using electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the structural organization of this matrix is different in the two parental species and that the hybrid species is intermediate. The intermediate nature of the crown barbs, resulting from past admixture appears to have rendered a duller structural coloration. To compensate for reduced brightness, selection apparently resulted in extensive thickening of the carotenoid-laden barb cortex, producing the yellow crown coloration. The evolution of this unique crown-color signal likely culminated in premating isolation of the hybrid species from both parental species.

scholarly journals Model genetic profiles of pigs of mother breeds on genes - productivity markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Vasilyuk ◽  
I. P. Sheiko ◽  
I. F. Gridyushko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Large White ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Model Profile ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Currently, development of molecular genetics and biology allows for genomic analysis and selection directly at the DNA level (marker-dependent selection). The aim of the research was to develop model genetic profiles for marker genes of quantitative traits of productivity of pigs of planned maternal breeds used in pig breeding. Such breeds in the Republic of Belarus are as follows: Belarusian large white, Belarusian black and white and Yorkshire. The studies were carried out at the agricultural branch of Zadneprovsky SGC, Orshansky Plant of Bread Products, JSC, Zarechye SGC, Zapadny SGC with populations of purebred animals of Belarusian Large White, Belarusian Black and White and Belarusian plant type of Yorkshire pigs during 2002-2018. Genetic testing was carried out with sows, boars and finishing pigs of maternal breeds. As a starting material, tissue samples from the auricle of pigs were used with DNA isolated and optimized for the analysis of gene polymorphism using PCR - RFLP method in the laboratories of molecular biotechnology and DNA testing (Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding) and animal genetics (Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus). As a result of studies based on the established polymorphism, model genetic profiles of maternal breeds of pigs were developed for marker genes of quantitative traits of productivity. The maximum achieved level of the preferred genotype for each marker gene among the three maternal breeds served as a model profile for the evaluated breeds (breeding young animals). For breeds with an established high level of marker gene polymorphism and productivity, a model profile has been developed that exceeds the achieved indicator by 8-10 p.p.

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