Preclinical laboratory course in dental behavioral science: changing human behavior

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
P Weinstein ◽  
T Getz
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Laboratory Course

scholarly journals Better Government, Better Science: The Promise of and Challenges Facing the Evidence-Informed Policy Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 521-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Bowers ◽  
Paul F. Testa
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Behavioral Science ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
New Policies

Collaborations between the academy and governments promise to improve the lives of people, the operations of government, and our understanding of human behavior and public policy. This review shows that the evidence-informed policy movement consists of two main threads: ( a) an effort to invent new policies using insights from the social and behavioral science consensus about human behavior and institutions and ( b) an effort to evaluate the success of governmental policies using transparent and high-integrity research designs such as randomized controlled trials. We argue that the problems of each approach may be solved or at least well addressed by teams that combine the two. We also suggest that governmental actors ought to want to learn about why a new policy works as much as they want to know that the policy works. We envision a future evidence-informed public policy practice that ( a) involves cross-sector collaborations using the latest theory plus deep contextual knowledge to design new policies, ( b) applies the latest insights in research design and statistical inference for causal questions, and ( c) is focused on assessing explanations as much as on discovering what works. The evidence-informed public policy movement is a way that new data, new questions, and new collaborators can help political scientists improve our theoretical understanding of politics and also help our policy partners to improve the practice of government itself.

scholarly journals Police Responses to a Course in Psychology

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Police Responses ◽  
Science Concepts ◽  
Police Activity

Although much police activity involves dealing with human behavior and mental health, policemen typically receive little training in behavioral science concepts and techniques. Recent events have dramatized the need for such training, and some efforts are being made to provide it.

An Approach to the Islamization of Social and Behavioral Sciences

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Ausaf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Moral Explanation ◽  
Social And Behavioral Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Atheism

AbstractIn this paper I have tried to argue that the two widely used paradigmsof Individualism in Western social science, and Collectivism in Soviet socialscience, are not appropriate for Islamic social science on account of thesecularism (disregard of revelation) of the former and the "scientific atheism"of the latter. I have funher tried to argue that the hypothetico-deductive andempirical methodology (often called logical positivism) of natural and physicalscience is not appropriate for social and behavioral science in general, andIslamic social behavioral science in particular. It would be more fitting toregard the various disciplines of social and behavioral science as moral sciencesin order to incorporate the values, morals, and purposes of society in theorybuildingand hypothesis-formation. Accordingly, I am arguing in favor ofa moral explanation of human behavior and social processes. A moralexplanation is one which seeks to discover the causes (immediate antecedents)as well as reasons (including motives and intentions) behind human behaviorwith the greater responsibility for the explanation resting with the latter.A paradigm, conceptual framework, or what is called grand theory isessential for the formulation of theories in various fields of social and behavioralsciences, on the one hand, and for guiding empirical research. on the other.Western social science and Soviet social science have their respectiveparadigms. The immediate need of Islamic social science is to construct adistinguishable paradigm of its own. I have tried to formulate a list of theunderlying concepts of such a possible paradigm, conceptual framework,or grand theory, but not such a theory per se.Finally, I have made the suggestion that, inasmuch as the understandingof human behavior is our goal, the social and behavioral scientist could enhancethe understanding of human and social phenomena by trying to understandhis/her own motives, behavior, and actions ...

A Theory of Privacy as Rules

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-69
Author(s):  
Neil Richards
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Real Lesson

Target Corporation’s famous use of big data to predict which of its customers were pregnant involved a potent cocktail of behavioral science and data science to influence customers’ behavior without their knowledge. In Target’s case, it sent coupons to pregnant women so as to habituate them into becoming long-term Target customers. Its real lesson is that human information confers the power to control human behavior. Rather than thinking principally about defining privacy, we should think about regulating to protect people from the power that human information confers. This conclusion has four important implications. First, it reveals that privacy is fundamentally about power—power over human beings in society. Second, struggles over “privacy” are really struggles over the rules that constrain the power that human information confers. Third, privacy rules of some sort are inevitable. Fourth, privacy should be thought of in instrumental terms to promote human values.

scholarly journals Behavioral genetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severi Luoto ◽  
Michael A. Woodley of Menie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Evolutionary Science

In this introductory chapter, we discuss the nexus between evolutionary theory and behavioral genetics, using it to elucidate the biological origins of human behavior and motivational predispositions. We introduce relevant behavioral genetics methods and evolutionary theoretical background to provide readers with the necessary conceptual tools to deepen their engagement with evolutionary behavioral genetics—as well as to help them take on the challenge of building a scientifically and evolutionarily more consilient account of human behavior. To demonstrate the utility of behavioral genetics in evolutionary behavioral science, our analytical examples range from personality, cognition, and sexual orientation to pair-bonding. We conclude by presenting a few recent landmark studies in behavioral genetics research with a particular focus on two aspects of sexual behavior: assortative mating and same-sex sexual behavior. This chapter considers behavioral genetics methods and their connection with evolutionary science more broadly while providing a succinct overview of recent advances in understanding the evolutionary genetic underpinnings of human sexual behavior, mate choice, and basic motivational processes. It is a sine qua non of scientifically principled evolutionary behavioral scientists to acknowledge the distal evolutionary and proximal genetic processes which, interlinked, underlie the psychobehavioral predispositions that form the variegated fabric of human societies and, more broadly, the diversity of life found in nature. These evolutionary processes operate from distal selection pressures acting on genetic material through hundreds of millions of years of natural selection—and from individual and population differences in genotypes to their manifestations in complex behavioral phenotypes and life outcomes in contemporary humans—which, in turn, enact concomitant selection pressures on the genetic material underlying and arising from them.

A framework for the unification of the behavioral sciences

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Gintis
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Other Regarding Preferences

The various behavioral disciplines model human behavior in distinct and incompatible ways. Yet, recent theoretical and empirical developments have created the conditions for rendering coherent the areas of overlap of the various behavioral disciplines. The analytical tools deployed in this task incorporate core principles from several behavioral disciplines. The proposed framework recognizes evolutionary theory, covering both genetic and cultural evolution, as the integrating principle of behavioral science. Moreover, if decision theory and game theory are broadened to encompass other-regarding preferences, they become capable of modeling all aspects of decision making, including those normally considered “psychological,” “sociological,” or “anthropological.” The mind as a decision-making organ then becomes the organizing principle of psychology.

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