Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Rate Maximization ◽  
Reward Rate Maximization ◽  
Descriptive Standard ◽  
Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

scholarly journals Ongoing, rational calibration of reward-driven perceptual biases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshu Fan ◽  
Joshua I. Gold ◽  
Long Ding
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Reward Function ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Rational Process

AbstractDecision-making is often interpreted in terms of normative computations that maximize a particular reward function for stable, average behaviors. Aberrations from the reward-maximizing solutions, either across subjects or across different sessions for the same subject, are often interpreted as reflecting poor learning or physical limitations. Here we show that such aberrations may instead reflect the involvement of additional satisficing and heuristic principles. For an asymmetric-reward perceptual decision-making task, three monkeys produced adaptive biases in response to changes in reward asymmetries and perceptual sensitivity. Their choices and response times were consistent with a normative accumulate-to-bound process. However, their context-dependent adjustments to this process deviated slightly but systematically from the reward-maximizing solutions. These adjustments were instead consistent with a rational process to find satisficing solutions based on the gradient of each monkey’s reward-rate function. These results suggest new dimensions for assessing the rational and idiosyncratic aspects of flexible decision-making.

scholarly journals Ongoing, rational calibration of reward-driven perceptual biases

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshu Fan ◽  
Joshua I Gold ◽  
Long Ding
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Reward Function ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Rational Process

Decision-making is often interpreted in terms of normative computations that maximize a particular reward function for stable, average behaviors. Aberrations from the reward-maximizing solutions, either across subjects or across different sessions for the same subject, are often interpreted as reflecting poor learning or physical limitations. Here we show that such aberrations may instead reflect the involvement of additional satisficing and heuristic principles. For an asymmetric-reward perceptual decision-making task, three monkeys produced adaptive biases in response to changes in reward asymmetries and perceptual sensitivity. Their choices and response times were consistent with a normative accumulate-to-bound process. However, their context-dependent adjustments to this process deviated slightly but systematically from the reward-maximizing solutions. These adjustments were instead consistent with a rational process to find satisficing solutions based on the gradient of each monkey’s reward-rate function. These results suggest new dimensions for assessing the rational and idiosyncratic aspects of flexible decision-making.

scholarly journals Mesoscale cortical dynamics reflect the interaction of sensory evidence and temporal expectation during perceptual decision-making

Neuron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Orsolic ◽  
Maxime Rio ◽  
Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel ◽  
Petr Znamenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Temporal Expectation ◽  
Sensory Evidence

scholarly journals Flexible categorization in perceptual decision making

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genís Prat-Ortega ◽  
Klaus Wimmer ◽  
Alex Roxin ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Attractor Dynamics ◽  
Attractor Model ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Winner Take All

AbstractPerceptual decisions rely on accumulating sensory evidence. This computation has been studied using either drift diffusion models or neurobiological network models exhibiting winner-take-all attractor dynamics. Although both models can account for a large amount of data, it remains unclear whether their dynamics are qualitatively equivalent. Here we show that in the attractor model, but not in the drift diffusion model, an increase in the stimulus fluctuations or the stimulus duration promotes transitions between decision states. The increase in the number of transitions leads to a crossover between weighting mostly early evidence (primacy) to weighting late evidence (recency), a prediction we validate with psychophysical data. Between these two limiting cases, we found a novel flexible categorization regime, in which fluctuations can reverse initially-incorrect categorizations. This reversal asymmetry results in a non-monotonic psychometric curve, a distinctive feature of the attractor model. Our findings point to correcting decision reversals as an important feature of perceptual decision making.

Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Attentional Intervention on Threat-Related Perceptual Decision-Making

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjin Im ◽  
Maya A. Marder ◽  
Gabriella Imbriano ◽  
Tamara J. Sussman ◽  
Aprajita Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Sensor-Level Wavelet Analysis Reveals EEG Biomarkers of Perceptual Decision-Making

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2461
Author(s):  
Alexander Kuc ◽  
Vadim V. Grubov ◽  
Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽  
Natalia Shusharina ◽  
Alexander N. Pisarchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Sensory Features

Perceptual decision-making requires transforming sensory information into decisions. An ambiguity of sensory input affects perceptual decisions inducing specific time-frequency patterns on EEG (electroencephalogram) signals. This paper uses a wavelet-based method to analyze how ambiguity affects EEG features during a perceptual decision-making task. We observe that parietal and temporal beta-band wavelet power monotonically increases throughout the perceptual process. Ambiguity induces high frontal beta-band power at 0.3–0.6 s post-stimulus onset. It may reflect the increasing reliance on the top-down mechanisms to facilitate accumulating decision-relevant sensory features. Finally, this study analyzes the perceptual process using mixed within-trial and within-subject design. First, we found significant percept-related changes in each subject and then test their significance at the group level. Thus, observed beta-band biomarkers are pronounced in single EEG trials and may serve as control commands for brain-computer interface (BCI).

A Neural Index of Inefficient Evidence Accumulation in Dyslexia Underlying Slow Perceptual Decision Making

Cortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Stefanac ◽  
Shou-Han Zhou ◽  
Megan M. Spencer-Smith ◽  
Redmond O’Connell ◽  
Mark A. Bellgrove
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Evidence Accumulation

scholarly journals Multiple brain networks contribute to the acquisition of bias in perceptual decision-making

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Yen Chen ◽  
Koji Jimura ◽  
Corey N. White ◽  
W. Todd Maddox ◽  
Russell A. Poldrack
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Moving forward in perceptual decision making

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 5771-5773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Sterzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Transient emotional events and individual affective traits affect emotion recognition in a perceptual decision-making task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0171375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Qiao-Tasserit ◽  
Maria Garcia Quesada ◽  
Lia Antico ◽  
Daphne Bavelier ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
Emotional Events
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