A topological version of a theorem of Mather on twist maps

In this report we show that a twist map of an annulus with a periodic point of rotation number p/q must have a Birkhoff periodic point of rotation number p/q. We use topological techniques so no assumption of area-preservation or circle intersection property is needed. If the map is area-preserving then this theorem andthe fixed point theorem of Birkhoff imply a recent theorem of Aubry and Mather. We also show that periodic orbits of (significantly) smallest period for a twist map must be Birkhoff.