Agency policy preferences, congressional letter-marking and the allocation of distributive policy benefits

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell W. Mills ◽  
Nicole Kalaf-Hughes ◽  
Jason A. MacDonald

AbstractWhen allocating distributive benefits, bureaucrats must balance their own policy preferences with requests from members of Congress. The elimination of earmarking may provide agency personnel with greater discretion in the allocation of distributive benefits. Using a novel data set of congressional letters written in support of their community’s air traffic control towers, we estimate a model that explores the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision to issue national interest exemptions to continue operations at towers slated for closure as a result of budget sequestration. Our analysis suggests that members of Congress do not enjoy the influence they possessed under earmarking when using a new method, letter-marking, to influence how agencies distribute benefits.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Alwafi Ridho Subarkah

Each state should maintain their sovereignty as a whole, especially on their territory which includes air, land and sea. However, Indonesia has not been fully sovereign in its airspace. For instance, Air Traffic Control (ATC) is still controlling flight identification zones in Western Indonesia, such as Serawak, Tanjung Pinang, Malacca Peninsula, Natuna and Riau Islands. This was a threat because when the Indonesian Armed Forces aircraft on patrol and training had to report to the Singapore ATC, economically it also required Indonesia to pay fees to Singapore if it passed through the area.This research aims to shows the Indonesian interest in taking over the Flight Information Region (FIR) in a bid to safeguard the sovereignty of Indonesia. The method in this research is qualitative method that describes and explains research problems related to the topics discussed and triangulates methods and data. This research uses the concept of national interest, where the state has ability to protect and defend its national interests sovereignly by making various policies.The results of this research show that the interest of Indonesia is to fully maintain their sovereignty by making Law No. 1 of 2009 concerning about Aviation and Government Regulation No. 4 of 2018 concerning Security of the Republic of Indonesia Airspace, improving human resources and technology. On an international scale, efforts continue to be made through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) so that the FIR managed by the Singapore ATC can be managed by Indonesia. Thus, any diplomatic and foreign aircraft security clearance processed through the Indonesian government.   Keywords: National Interest, Sovereignty, Air Sovereignty, Territory Control   Abstrak   Kedaulatan setiap negara harus dijaga secara keseluruhan, pada konteks ini adalah kedaulatan wilayah yang mencakup udara, darat dan laut. Namun Indonesia belum berdaulat dalam udara sepenuhnya. Bagian barat Indonesia, seperti Serawak, Tanjung Pinang, Semenanjung Malaka, Natuna dan Kepulauan Riau dalam mengelola zona identifikasi penerbangan dikuasai oleh Air Traffic Control (ATC) Singapura. Hal ini menjadi ancaman karena saat pesawat Tentara Nasional Indonesia dalam patroli maupun latihan melapor ke Singapura, secara ekonomi juga mengharuskan Indonesia untuk membayar biaya kepada Singapura jika melewati wilayah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menunjukkan kepentingan Indonesia dalam mengambil alih Flight Information Region (FIR) sebagai upaya untuk menjaga kedaulatan Indonesia. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif yang mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan permasalahan penelitian terkait topik yang dibahas dan melakukan triangulasi metode dan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep national interest yaitu kemampuan negara dalam melindungi maupun mempertahankan kepentingan nasionalnya secara berdaulat dengan mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan. Hasil penelitian ini, kepentingan Indonesia adalah menjaga kedaulatan sepenuhnya dengan membuat Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan serta Peraturan Pemerintah No. 4 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengamanan Wilayah Udara Republik Indonesia, meningkatkan sumber daya manusia dan meningkatkan teknologi. Pada skala internasional terus dilakukan upaya melalui International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agar FIR yang dikelola oleh ATC Singapura dapat dikelola oleh Indonesia sehingga izin diplomatik dan izin keamanan pesawat asing melalui pemerintah Indonesia.   Kata Kunci: Kepentingan Nasional, Kedaulatan, Kedaulatan Udara, Pengelolaan Wilayah


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Haan ◽  
L. J. Bailey ◽  
J. E. Können

Abstract. Aircraft observations of wind and temperature are very important for upper air meteorology. In this article, the quality of the meteorological information of an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract (ADS-C) message is assessed. The ADS-C messages broadcast by the aircraft are received at air traffic control centres for surveillance and airline control centres for general aircraft and dispatch management. A comparison is performed against a global numerical prediction (NWP) model and wind and temperature observations derived from Enhanced Surveillance (EHS) air-traffic control radar which interrogates all aircraft in selective mode (Mode-S EHS). Almost 16 000 ADS-C reports with meteorological information were compiled from the Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM) database. The length of the data set is 76 consecutive days and started on 1 January 2011. The wind and temperature observations are of good quality when compared to the global NWP forecast fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Comparison of ADS-C wind and temperature observations against Mode-S EHS derived observations in the vicinity of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol shows that the wind observations are of similar quality and the temperature observations of ADS-C are of better quality than those from Mode-S EHS. However, the current ADS-C data set has a lower vertical resolution than Mode-S EHS. High vertical resolution can be achieved by requesting more ADS-C when aircraft are ascending or descending, but could result in increased data communication costs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Friedrich ◽  
Christoph Möhlenbrink

Abstract. Owing to the different approaches for remote tower operation, a standardized set of indicators is needed to evaluate the technical implementations at a task performance level. One of the most influential factors for air traffic control is weather. This article describes the influence of weather metrics on remote tower operations and how to validate them against each other. Weather metrics are essential to the evaluation of different remote controller working positions. Therefore, weather metrics were identified as part of a validation at the Erfurt-Weimar Airport. Air traffic control officers observed weather events at the tower control working position and the remote control working position. The eight participating air traffic control officers answered time-synchronized questionnaires at both workplaces. The questionnaires addressed operationally relevant weather events in the aerodrome. The validation experiment targeted the air traffic control officer’s ability to categorize and judge the same weather event at different workplaces. The results show the potential of standardized indicators for the evaluation of performance and the importance of weather metrics in relation to other evaluation metrics.


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