Fuel Consumption and Traffic Emissions Evaluation of Mixed Traffic Flow with Connected Automated Vehicles at Multiple Traffic Scenarios

To analyze the impact of different proportions of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) on fuel consumption and traffic emissions, this paper studies fuel consumption and traffic emissions of mixed traffic flow with CAVs at different traffic scenarios. Firstly, the car-following modes and proportional relationship of vehicles in the mixed traffic flow are analyzed. On this basis, different car-following models are applied to capture the corresponding car-following modes. Then, Virginia Tech microscopic (VT-micro) model is adopted to calculate the instantaneous fuel consumption and traffic emissions. Finally, based on three typical traffic scenarios, a basic segment with bottleneck zone, ramp of the freeway, and signalized intersection, a simulation platform is built based on Python and SUMO to obtain vehicle trajectory data, and the fuel consumption and traffic emissions in different scenarios are obtained. The results show that (1) In different traffic scenarios, the application of CAVs can reduce fuel consumption and traffic emissions. The higher the penetration rate, the more significant the reduction in fuel consumption and traffic emissions. (2) In the three typical traffic scenarios, the advantages of CAVs are more evident in the signalized intersection. When the penetration rate of CAVs is 100%, the fuel consumption and traffic emissions reduction ratio is as high as 32%. It is noteworthy that the application of CAVs in urban transportation will significantly reduce fuel consumption and traffic emissions.

Aerodynamic Design and Strength Analysis of the Wing for the Purpose of Assessing the Influence of the Bell-Shaped Lift Distribution

This article deals with aerodynamic and structural calculations of several wing designs to compare the influence of the shape on the lift distribution. Various shapes of wings for the required lift and bending moment were optimized to minimize drag and thereby reduce fuel consumption. One example was a wing with a bell-shaped lift distribution, which was proposed by Ludwig Prandtl and has been forgotten over the years. The first part of the paper focuses on minimization of the wing drag coefficient by a low fidelity method and the results are compared with the CFD calculation with good agreement. In the structural part of the analysis, the inner layout of the studied wings was designed. The structural design, containing elementary wing components and optimization loop, was carried out to minimize weight with respect to panel buckling. From these calculations the weights of wings were obtained and compared. In the last part of this study, an analysis of flight performance of an airplane with presented wings was performed for a selected flight mission. Results indicated that, for the free optimized wing, the fuel saving was about six percent.

Tillage unit with new design working bodies for minimal tillage

The design of the tillage unit is presented, with new working bodies made in the form of a holder with rectilinear and oval parts, the rectilinear part is made in the form of a bar made at an acute angle to the horizontal surface and rigidly fixed on a rack with the possibility of dismantling. The lower part of the holder is shaped like an elongated ellipse, the upper oval part of which is a ripper, the lower-a slitter. The height of the ripper and the slitter is the same, on their butt line on the side of the toe, a groove is made for the pointed paw of the cultivator. On the back side of the paw, a groove is made for the holder, while the ratio of the length of the grooves of the paw and the holder is 1:3. The new design of the working body will improve the quality of tillage and water-air balance, increase crop yields and reduce fuel consumption.

The Effect of Trim on Tanker, Container and Bulk Carrier Ship Toward the Reduction of Ship’s Exhaust Gas Emission

Emission is one of the few environmental problems, and ships are one of the modes of transportation that produce it. This study aims to define the impact of using optimal trim during the cruising phase, so it can decrease the resistance and the fuel consumption, which will lead to less emission produced by the ship. The type and amount of ships used in this study are three tanker ships, three container ships, and two bulk carrier ships. The methodology used in this study is by using Holtrop’s resistance calculation method with the help of Maxsurf software. The resistance, the power needed, and the fuel consumption is calculated on 22 trim variations and seven speed variations. This study determined that the average decrease in fuel consumption caused by trim optimization for tanker, container, and bulk carrier ships is 5.641%, 8.269%, and 15.704%. Furthermore, the average decrease of emissions produced by tanker, container, and bulk carrier is 6.494%, 11.317%, and 13.775%, respectively. These results are narrowed down to conclude that trim optimization can reduce fuel consumption by up to 9.871% and decrease the emission produced by up to 10.529% for the three types of ships used in this study.

Wind Assisted Ship PropulsionTechnologies – Can they Help in Emissions Reduction?

According to International Maritime Organization, emissions coming from global shipping are expected to increase 50% to 250% by the year 2050. This concern led to the introduction of various regulations that aims to encourage ship owners and builders to explore innovative renewable technologies. The main focus of this article is on wind-assisted ship propulsion technologies, as a complement to ship propulsion, such as rigid sail, soft sail, wing sail, kite, and Flettner rotor. These technologies are not widely accepted because ship owners have doubts due to the lack of real-life results and their implementation and efficiency greatly depends on ship design and purpose. This article shows the progress in the field of wind-assisted ship propulsion in the last 15 years which proved the concept as they have the potential to reduce fuel consumption, thus emissions, by double digits. The conclusion is drawn, from fuel savings percentages, that rotor and soft sails technologies have great potential in the future of the shipping industry.

Smart Parking System: A Smarter Way of Parking Based on Ultrasonic sensors, NodeMCU, MQTT.fx

This paper focuses on developing a smart parking system based on IOT. In many metropolitan cities, people are always worried whether they will find a parking slot or not. Even, finding an empty parking slot is very time con- suming and wastes a lot of fuel. After parking, to pay the required charges, a paper receipt is given and so there is a large amount of paper wasted every day. Thus, we have proposed a system consisting of ultrasonic sensors, NodeMCU deployed on-site and an android application available for the user. The android application will help the user to check the availability of a parking slot and re- serve it. This will save time, reduce fuel consumption and thereby pollution.

Possible modifications of the automobile piston petrol engine for aircraft propulsion: cooling, starting and ignition system

The main goal of our work was to design a possible modification of the automobile piston petrol engine for aircraft propulsion and subsequently its implementation. The paper can be divided into four main units. The first part is aimed on the history and development of automobile and aircraft piston engines. We focused on their construction and gradual improvement of performance. The second unit is dedicated to theoretical knowledge of the cooling, starting and ignition systems. In the cooling system, we mainly described air cooling and the required components needed for that process. In the starting system, we paid attention to the necessity of starting gears, their types and uses. We described mainly electric starters and then we attached a diagram of the starting system. In the ignition system, we described the structural elements required for the process of igniting a mixture of fuel and air. In the following section, we described the engine used for aeroconversion, its parameters and the reason for its selection. In the last part we deal with the practical part of the paper. We created the component models needed for the complete construction of these systems, which were created in the computer program Autodesk Inventor Professional 2021. We prepared the cooling system for more efficient air cooling by adding deflectors, in the starting system we used a starter with a reducer to increase torque and reduce fuel consumption and in the ignition system, we proposed a modification of the flywheel made of dural material, which would reduce the overall weight of the engine. The result of our work is a finished design for aeroconversion of a flat four-cylinder engine. The modified engine is suitable for ultralight aircraft.

Increasing the efficiency of diesel engines operation by changing the process of fuel injection into the combustion chamber

This paper proposes the author’s method of developing a constructive solution for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber to reduce fuel consumption in operation on the basis of TIPS (theory of inventive problem solving).

Control Algorithm Selection Technique for Vehicle Robotic Transmission in the Urban Cycle

Environmental pollution is one of the most crucial problems in modern world. The toughening of emission standards for toxic fumes, which appear due to the combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines, forces manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption, for example, via more rational use of the internal combustion engine capabilities. This paper is devoted to developing a control algorithm selection technique for economy class passenger car robotic transmission in the conditions of an urban cycle, using Lada Vesta SW Cross as a research subject. At the beginning of the paper, vehicle movement imitational mathematical model implementation, which was developed using LMS Imagine. Lab Amesim program complex. is shown. Also the main assumptions and parameters of engines, cooling systems, transmissions and chassis are given. Then imitational mathematical model verification results, which were processed by comparing movement computer simulation results with the vehicle passport data, are shown. Imitational mathematical model demonstrates the car behavior adequately and very precisely, which means it can be used for vehicle fuel efficiency research. In the main part of the paper, vehicle movement research is conducted in case of three different versions of the internal combustion engine (which has 1,4-, 1,6- and 1,8-liters volume) used in an urban cycle INRETS urbanfluide2. It is clearly shown that the lowest consumption is achieved by reducing the acceleration and braking dynamics via “early” gear shifting, and the crankshaft rotation speed at the corresponding moment of the shift has to be selected for each gear separately. Based on the research results, a switching algorithm and its selection technique, which takes the throttle valve opening degree and the type of the internal combustion engine external speed characteristic into consideration, are presented. In conclusion, this paper presents the results of vehicle movement imitational mathematical modeling in the urban cycle with a modified robotic transmission control algorithm. It is clear that this algorithm can reduce fuel consumption in the urban cycle by 12-20%, depending on the engine volume.