Excess Female Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty McNay ◽  
Jane Humphries ◽  
Stephan Klasen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Female Advantage ◽  
Women And Girls

Sex differences in mortality among historical populations are an intriguing yet neglected issue. In mid-nineteenth-century England and Wales, although women and girls enjoyed an overall longevity advantage, they tended to die at higher rates than males at ages when modern life tables show female advantage. We use multilevel modeling to analyze these sex differences in mortality. We identify significant regional variation, related to local demographic conditions, economic structure, and the nature of female employment. But some regional variation remains unexplained, suggesting the need for further investigation.

Sex differences in age at marriage

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (S2) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Square Tables

The subject of this talk is the ages of brides and grooms and how the relativity of the ages of such marriage partners has changed in England and Wales over the years. It is a well-documented subject in the sense that square tables showing the combinations of ages of marrying couples have been published annually since the middle of the nineteenth century. It is not well-documented in the sense that these plentiful data have attracted the research interest of demographers, economists or sociologists. Indeed, little work has been done up to now on this subject.

Suicides by opium and its derivatives, in England and Wales, 1850—1950

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
England And Wales

SynopsisIn the mid-nineteenth century opium and its derivatives, such as laudanum and morphine, were the most common poisons in suicides in England and Wales. With legislative restrictions on these ‘dangerous drugs’ such a use declined. This study attempts to show this trend and indicates the large variety of these opium-related suicides.

Invisible Architectures

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
The Invisible

The ArgumentIn this essay I will sketch a few instances of how, and a few forms in which, the “invisible” became an epistemic category in the development of the life sciences from the seventeenth century through the end of the nineteenth century. In contrast to most of the other papers in this issue, I do not so much focus on the visualization of various little entities, and the tools and contexts in which a visual representation of these things was realized. I will be more concerned with the basic problem of introducing entities or structures that cannot be seen, as elements of an explanatory strategy. I will try to review the ways in which the invisibility of such entities moved from the unproblematic status of just being too small to be accessible to the naked or even the armed eye, to the problematic status of being invisible in principle and yet being indispensable within a given explanatory framework. The epistemological concern of the paper is thus to sketch the historical process of how the “unseen” became a problem in the modern life sciences. The coming into being of the invisible as a space full of paradoxes is itself the product of a historical development that still awaits proper reconstruction.

Modernist Ruskin, Victorian Baudelaire: Revisioning Nineteenth-Century Aesthetics

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Teukolsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Material World ◽  
Descriptive Sense

John Ruskin's Modern Painters V (1860) and Charles Baudelaire's “The Painter of Modern Life” (1863) are contemporaneous texts that both champion modern painters. Yet the two have rarely been considered together; while Ruskin's work is usually taken to represent a moralistic Victorianism, Baudelaire's essay is a foundational text of aesthetic modernism. This article compares the two texts in order to arrive at a more accurate, descriptive sense of nineteenth-century aesthetics, especially at the mid-century moment when “the modern” emerges as an aesthetic value in both England and France. Ruskin and Baudelaire are shown to propose surprisingly similar aesthetic theories, in part because they negotiate the same traumas of modernity, such as the derailment of religion and the commodification of the material world. Positioned on the ruins of Romanticism, each text intimates an idea of the modern that is not quite modernism but is, in fact, eminently Victorian.

Mechanizing the Cotton Harvest in the Nineteenth-Century South

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heywood Fleisig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
The South ◽  
Persistent Problem

A persistent problem in American economic history is the explanation of the failure of the South to mechanize cotton production. Summarily, the following argues that the failure to mechanize was due to a southern economic structure which operated to reduce the effectiveness of the factors in society conducive to invention and innovation.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Pollution, Health, and Height in Late Nineteenth Century Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy E. Bailey ◽  
Timothy J. Hatton ◽  
Kris Inwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In nineteenth century Britain atmospheric pollution from coal-fired industrialization was on the order of 50 times higher than today. We examine the effects of these emissions on child development by analysing the heights on enlistment during WWI of men born in England and Wales in the 1890s. We find a strong negative relationship between adult heights and the coal intensity of the districts in which these men were observed as children in the 1901 census. The subsequent decline in atmospheric pollution likely contributed to the long-term improvement in health and increase in height.

scholarly journals ‘A Kind of Geological Novel’: Wales and Travel Writing, 1783–1819

Romanticism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Humphry Davy

This article explores the layered and multivocal nature of Romantic-period travel writing in Wales through the theme of geology. Beginning with an analysis of the spectral sense of place that emerges from William Smith's 1815 geological map of England and Wales, it considers a range of travel texts, from the stones and fossils of Thomas Pennant's A Tour in Wales (1778–83), to Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday's early nineteenth-century Welsh travels, to little-known manuscript accounts. Wales is still the least-researched of the home nations in terms of the Enlightenment and the Romantic period, despite recent and ongoing work that has done much to increase its visibility. Travel writing, meanwhile, is a form whose popularity in the period is now little recognised. These points doubly position Welsh travel writing on the fringes of our field, in an outlying location compounded by the genre's status as a category that defies easy definition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document