scholarly journals 3. Ultraviolet Astronomy

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 626-636
Author(s):  
Stephen p. Maran
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Ultraviolet Astronomy ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
Orbital Spacecraft ◽  
Important Progress

During 1982-1984, progress in ultraviolet astronomy continued through extensive observations with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), continuing programs of sounding rocket and balloon flights, and through observations made from other orbital spacecraft, including the Space Shuttle and ASTRON. In addition, there was important progress in the design and development of facilities for future missions, including the Hubble Space Telescope.

3A. Ultraviolet Astronomy (Non-IUE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 608-614
Author(s):  
Edward B. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Uv Astronomy ◽  
Ultraviolet Astronomy ◽  
Sounding Rockets ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Near Future

Results from the IUE satellite, summarized in the section which follows this one, continue to dominate the literature for research topics which rely on observations in the ultraviolet. This trend may be accentuated in the near future, as we experience the natural attrition of papers based on results from previous major missions which are no longer operating, such as TD-1, Copernicus, ANS and BUSS. The Challenger accident on January 28, 1986 abruptly halted flights of new orbital facilities which depend on the Space Shuttle and has created long and somewhat indefinite postponements in the eventual manifesting of payloads ranging in size from simple experiments in Getaway Special (GAS) and Spartan carriers, to telescopes of intermediate size on Spacelab (such as those which were to fly on the Astro mission in March 1986) to the Hubble Space Telescope. Suborbital missions, i.e., sounding-rockets and balloons, will probably dominate the extra-IUE uv astronomy scene until there is a re-establishment of a vigorous launch schedule for expendable vehicles and/or the Space Shuttle.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Cometary Comae

1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Paul D. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Ultraviolet Astronomy ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectra ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
Ultraviolet Observations ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
Imaging Spectrograph ◽  
Cometary Comae

AbstractDuring the past decade, vacuum ultraviolet spectra of over 30 comets have been obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite observatory. With few exceptions, the spectra of these comets appear to be similar, with OH and H produced by the photodissociation of water being the dominant species and emissions of C, O, S, CS and CO+2 usually present. Although signs of variability of many kinds in comet spectra appear, the evidence from the ultraviolet observations suggests that all comets have the same basic chemical composition and that observed differences are due to evolution and ageing processes. The principal exception is S2, which was detected by IUE in comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983 VII), but not in any other comet to date. During the 1985–86 apparition of comet Halley, ultraviolet spectra were also obtained by other spacecraft and by sounding rocket instruments, including a long-slit imaging spectrograph. Further advances await future ultraviolet observations of comets by the Hubble Space Telescope and other planned ultraviolet astronomy missions.

Launch Vehicles of the Future: Earth to Near-Earth Space

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
G. A. Keyworth
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Space Launch ◽  
The Future ◽  
The U.S

None of us thought, when this colloquium was scheduled, that the timing would enable it to become a celebration as well. The launch, after years of postponements, of the Hubble Space Telescope, has cast a galactic glow over the proceedings here this week. But at the same time, the frustrating delays caused by the collapse in 1986 and very slow regeneration of the U.S. space launch capabilities since then make this discussion of near-earth access very pointed.As we know, the sheer momentum of the U.S. Space Shuttle Program has dominated our perceptions of space launch for a decade and a half. It reached its peak in the early 1980s when our national policy placed nearly total reliance on the Shuttle as our means of access to space. It was a policy doomed to fail, for obvious and not-so-obvious reasons.

scholarly journals Expectations for Astrometry With the Hubble Space Telescope

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
R.L. Duncombe ◽  
W. H. Jefferys ◽  
G. F. Benedict ◽  
P. D. Hemenway ◽  
P. J. Shelus
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Cooperative Program ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Astrometric Data ◽  
The U.S

The Hubble Space Telescope, a large optical instrument having an aperture of 2.4 meters and a length of 8.8 meters has been developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the European Space Agency. The Space Shuttle will be used to place the telescope in orbit. The primary astrometric instrument will be one of the three Fine Guidance Sensors which have the capability of measuring the position of one object with respect to another to an accuracy of ±0.″002. To facilitate use of the Hubble Space Telescope, observers will be provided with the Astrometric Data Reduction Software package. The variety of astrometric problems and the several modes of operation are mentioned as well as the cooperative program with the European astrometric satellite project HIPPARCOS.

44. Astronomy from Space (L’astronomie a Partir De L’espace)

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 595-601
Author(s):  
Y. Kondo ◽  
K.A. Pounds ◽  
A.A. Boyarchuk ◽  
G.W. Clark ◽  
G. Courtes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Space Astronomy ◽  
Space Projects ◽  
Astronomical Research

The tragic loss of Space ShuttleChallengerand her 7 crew members in January 1986 has seriously affected the astronomical research from space in the U.S.A. and, to a lesser extent, in Western Europe. The incident has caused setbacks in a number of space projects, including the delay in the launching of the Hubble Space Telescope. Nevertheless, the field of space astronomy remained active during the present reporting period (1984 July through 1987 June).

scholarly journals UV Radiation in Different Stellar Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Buccino ◽  
P. J. D. Mauas ◽  
G.A. Lemarchand
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
Solar Type

We have studied the UV radiation in the range 180 to 330 nm emitted by several stars with planetary systems, in order to determine the constraints on the habitable zones posed by the radiation levels. The observations were taken from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) satellites database. The stellar sample was chosen to cover the range of what are usually called solar-type stars, from late F to K stars. We found that the planets discovered around Epsilon Eridani and 16 Cyg B are within both the optical and UV habitable zones.

scholarly journals CO-to-H2 Abundance Ratio of the Foreground Gas of the Carina Nebula

2004 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Shinn Jong-Ho ◽  
Seon Kwang-Il ◽  
Lee Dae-Hee ◽  
Min Kyoung-Wook
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Hot Stars ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
Carina Nebula ◽  
Far Ultraviolet ◽  
Imaging Spectrograph

We analyze CO and H2 absorption lines of the foreground molecular cloud in the Carina nebula. We use HST-STIS (Hubble Space Telescope - Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph) & IUE (International Ultraviolet Explorer) INES data to analyze the A-X (v=0→2) absorption band of CO for several hot stars toward the Carina nebula, while 9 stars of them have FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer) spectra to analyze the (v=0→4) vibrational band in the Lyman series of H2. The column densities of CO and H2 varies in the vicinity of N(CO) ~ 1013cm−2 and N(H2) ~ 1019cm−2, respectively. The resultant CO-to-H2 abundance ratio is about 10−6. We investigate the variation of the abundance ratio according to the relative position of the target stars to morphology the molecular cloud in the Carina nebula.

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