scholarly journals Expectations for Astrometry With the Hubble Space Telescope

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
R.L. Duncombe ◽  
W. H. Jefferys ◽  
G. F. Benedict ◽  
P. D. Hemenway ◽  
P. J. Shelus
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Cooperative Program ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Astrometric Data ◽  
The U.S

The Hubble Space Telescope, a large optical instrument having an aperture of 2.4 meters and a length of 8.8 meters has been developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the European Space Agency. The Space Shuttle will be used to place the telescope in orbit. The primary astrometric instrument will be one of the three Fine Guidance Sensors which have the capability of measuring the position of one object with respect to another to an accuracy of ±0.″002. To facilitate use of the Hubble Space Telescope, observers will be provided with the Astrometric Data Reduction Software package. The variety of astrometric problems and the several modes of operation are mentioned as well as the cooperative program with the European astrometric satellite project HIPPARCOS.

Launch Vehicles of the Future: Earth to Near-Earth Space

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
G. A. Keyworth
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Space Launch ◽  
The Future ◽  
The U.S

None of us thought, when this colloquium was scheduled, that the timing would enable it to become a celebration as well. The launch, after years of postponements, of the Hubble Space Telescope, has cast a galactic glow over the proceedings here this week. But at the same time, the frustrating delays caused by the collapse in 1986 and very slow regeneration of the U.S. space launch capabilities since then make this discussion of near-earth access very pointed.As we know, the sheer momentum of the U.S. Space Shuttle Program has dominated our perceptions of space launch for a decade and a half. It reached its peak in the early 1980s when our national policy placed nearly total reliance on the Shuttle as our means of access to space. It was a policy doomed to fail, for obvious and not-so-obvious reasons.

scholarly journals The Faint Object Camera

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Karl D. Rakos
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Considerable Contribution ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Faint Object ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Space Telescope Science Institute

The Space Telescope (ST) is one of the most exciting projects presently planned in space astronomy. It will make a considerable contribution to astronomical research throughout the rest of this century. The high resolution 2.4 m telescope will be placed in orbit probably in 1985 by the Space Shuttle and will provide an astronomical capability unattainable by the ground-based telescopes.The European Space Agency decided to participate in this NASA programme in 1976. ESA’s part in the programme includes the production of a major subsystem (the solar arrays and associated mechanisms), the building of the Faint Object Camera, and future participation in the operational activities and in the running of the Space Telescope Science Institute.

scholarly journals The European optical contribution to the James Webb Space Telescope

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Maurice te Plate ◽  
Brian O’Sullivan ◽  
Pierre Ferruit ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Martyn Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Optical Science ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
James Webb Space Telescope

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is frequently referred to as the follow-on mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The ‘Webb’ will be the biggest space telescope ever built and is expected to enable astounding new science. The observatory comprises a 6.5-m-diameter telescope with a segmented primary mirror and four high-performance optical science instruments. The JWST has mostly been optimized to work in the near- (0.6–5.0 μm) and mid-infrared (5.0–29 μm) wavelength regions. The project is a strong international partnership led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with contributions from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The observatory is currently scheduled for launch in early 2021 from Kourou, French Guyana, by an ESA-provided Ariane 5 rocket. This paper will focus on the European optical contribution to the mission, which mainly consists of two highly advanced optical science instruments: The multi-object near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) and the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI). The opto-mechanical design considerations and the realization of both instruments will be described, and we will conclude with a short JWST project status report and future outlook.

3A. Ultraviolet Astronomy (Non-IUE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 608-614
Author(s):  
Edward B. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Uv Astronomy ◽  
Ultraviolet Astronomy ◽  
Sounding Rockets ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Near Future

Results from the IUE satellite, summarized in the section which follows this one, continue to dominate the literature for research topics which rely on observations in the ultraviolet. This trend may be accentuated in the near future, as we experience the natural attrition of papers based on results from previous major missions which are no longer operating, such as TD-1, Copernicus, ANS and BUSS. The Challenger accident on January 28, 1986 abruptly halted flights of new orbital facilities which depend on the Space Shuttle and has created long and somewhat indefinite postponements in the eventual manifesting of payloads ranging in size from simple experiments in Getaway Special (GAS) and Spartan carriers, to telescopes of intermediate size on Spacelab (such as those which were to fly on the Astro mission in March 1986) to the Hubble Space Telescope. Suborbital missions, i.e., sounding-rockets and balloons, will probably dominate the extra-IUE uv astronomy scene until there is a re-establishment of a vigorous launch schedule for expendable vehicles and/or the Space Shuttle.

scholarly journals 3. Ultraviolet Astronomy

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 626-636
Author(s):  
Stephen p. Maran
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Sounding Rocket ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Ultraviolet Astronomy ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
Orbital Spacecraft ◽  
Important Progress

During 1982-1984, progress in ultraviolet astronomy continued through extensive observations with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), continuing programs of sounding rocket and balloon flights, and through observations made from other orbital spacecraft, including the Space Shuttle and ASTRON. In addition, there was important progress in the design and development of facilities for future missions, including the Hubble Space Telescope.

scholarly journals Around Gaia Alerts in 20 questions

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S285) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wyrzykowski ◽  
Simon Hodgkin
Keyword(s):  
Data Stream ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Formation History ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Astrometric Data

AbstractGaia is a European Space Agency (ESA) astrometry space mission, and a successor to the ESA Hipparcos mission. Gaia's main goal is to collect high-precision astrometric data (positions, parallaxes, and proper motions) for the 1 billion brightest objects in the sky. Those data, complemented with multi-band, multi-epoch photometric and spectroscopic data observed from the same observing platform, will allow astronomers to reconstruct the formation history, structure, and evolution of the Galaxy.Gaia will observe the whole sky for 5 years, providing a unique opportunity for the discovery of large numbers of transient and anomalous events such as supernovæ, novæ and microlensing events, GRB afterglows, fallback supernovæ, and other theoretical or unexpected phenomena. The Photometric Science Alerts team has been tasked with the early detection, classification and prompt release of anomalous sources in the Gaia data stream. In this paper we discuss the challenges we face in preparing to use Gaia to search for transient pheonomena at optical wavelengths.

scholarly journals The Millimeter Array

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
The United States ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
National Science ◽  
A Site ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe Millimeter Array, under development in the United States, is a fast and flexible telescope capable of imaging the thermal sky at a resolution equal to that specified in the design goals of the Hubble Space Telescope. The MMA is a project of the U.S. National Science Foundation, and it has been highlighted as one of the four major U.S. initiatives in astronomy for the decade of the 1990s. Construction will begin toward the end of the decade at a site soon to be chosen.

scholarly journals ESA’s Gaia mission: a billion stars with a billion pixels

Photoniques ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Jos De Bruijne ◽  
Matthias Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Hipparcos Catalogue ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Astrometric Data

Astrometry is the astronomical discipline of measuring the positions, and changes therein, of celestial bodies. Accurate astrometry from the ground is limited by the blurring effects induced by the Earth’s atmosphere. Since decades, Europe has been at the forefront of making astrometric measurements from space. The European Space Agency (ESA) launched the first satellite dedicated to astrometry, named Hipparcos, in 1989, culminating in the release of the Hipparcos Catalogue containing astrometric data for 117 955 stars in 1997. Since mid 2014, Hipparcos’ successor, Gaia, has been collecting astrometric data, with a 100 times improved precision, for 10 000 times as many stars.

scholarly journals The Stellar Reference Frame from Space Observations

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
C. A. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Hipparcos Catalogue ◽  
Celestial Sphere ◽  
Space Observations

Abstract:The HIPPARCOS Satellite, to be launched by the European Space Agency, will provide a stellar reference frame over the whole celestial sphere with an average accuracy of ± 0002 in each coordinate and component of annual proper motion, for some 100,000 stars.The origin of coordinates will be arbitrary. Absolute rotation of the system of proper motions can be obtained by measuring quasars relative to stars in the HIPPARCOS catalogue, either with the NASA Space Telescope or by conventional ground based astrometric observations.

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