scholarly journals The Infrared Space Observatory

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Cesarsky ◽  
M.F. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Pointing Accuracy ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Astronomical Satellite ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), a fully approved and funded project of the European Space Agency (ESA), is an astronomical satellite, which will operate at wavelengths from 3–200 μm. ISO will provide astronomers with a unique facility of unprecedented sensitivity for a detailed exploration of the universe ranging from objects in the solar system right out to distant extragalactic sources. The satellite essentially consists of a large cryostat containing at launch about 2300 litres of superfluid helium to maintain the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope, the scientific instruments and the optical baffles at temperatures between 2K and 8K. The telescope has a 60-cm diameter primary mirror and is diffraction-limited at a wavelength of 5μm. A pointing accuracy of a few arc seconds is provided by a three-axis-stabilisation system consisting of reaction wheels, gyros and optical sensors. ISO’s instrument complement consists of four instruments, namely: a photo-polarimeter (3–200μm), a camera (3–17μm), a short wavelength spectrometer (3–45μm) and a long wavelength spectrometer (45–180μm). These instruments are being built by international consortia of scientific institutes and will be delivered to ESA for in-orbit operations. ISO will be launched in 1993 by an Ariane 4 into an elliptical orbit (apogee 70000km and perigee 1000km) and will be operational for at least 18 months. In keeping with ISO’s role as an observatory, two-thirds of its observing time will be made available to the european and american astronomical community.

Measuring the performance of the Infrared Space Observatory long-wavelength spectrometer

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Emery ◽  
Bruce M. Swinyard ◽  
Kenneth J. King ◽  
Sarah E. Church
Keyword(s):  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Long Wavelength

scholarly journals Highlights From ISO: The Isocam Camera

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1110-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Cesarsky
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Interstellar Dust ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Dark Clouds ◽  
External Galaxies ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Universe

AbstractOver one year and a half after its first light in orbit, the ISOCAM camera on board the Infrared Space Observatory is bringing back very exciting results. Its spectacular infrared viewing of the Universe sheds new light on the nature of the interstellar dust, on the birth of young stars embedded in dark clouds as well as on bursts of star formation in external galaxies.

Detection of the 62 Micron Crystalline H[TINF]2[/TINF]O Ice Feature in Emission toward HH 7 with the [ITAL]Infrared Space Observatory[/ITAL] Long-Wavelength Spectrometer

1999 ◽  
Vol 521 (1) ◽  
pp. L71-L74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Molinari ◽  
Cecilia Ceccarelli ◽  
Glenn J. White ◽  
Paolo Saraceno ◽  
Brunella Nisini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Long Wavelength

scholarly journals Field Intercomparison of Radiometers Used for Satellite Validation in the 400–900 nm Range

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Vabson ◽  
Joel Kuusk ◽  
Ilmar Ansko ◽  
Riho Vendt ◽  
Krista Alikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Color ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Radiometric Calibration ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Field Intercomparison ◽  
Reference Measurements

An intercomparison of radiance and irradiance ocean color radiometers (the second laboratory comparison exercise—LCE-2) was organized within the frame of the European Space Agency funded project Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Color (FRM4SOC) May 8–13, 2017 at Tartu Observatory, Estonia. LCE-2 consisted of three sub-tasks: (1) SI-traceable radiometric calibration of all the participating radiance and irradiance radiometers at the Tartu Observatory just before the comparisons; (2) indoor, laboratory intercomparison using stable radiance and irradiance sources in a controlled environment; (3) outdoor, field intercomparison of natural radiation sources over a natural water surface. The aim of the experiment was to provide a link in the chain of traceability from field measurements of water reflectance to the uniform SI-traceable calibration, and after calibration to verify whether different instruments measuring the same object provide results consistent within the expected uncertainty limits. This paper describes the third phase of LCE-2: The results of the field experiment. The calibration of radiometers and laboratory comparison experiment are presented in a related paper of the same journal issue. Compared to the laboratory comparison, the field intercomparison has demonstrated substantially larger variability between freshly calibrated sensors, because the targets and environmental conditions during radiometric calibration were different, both spectrally and spatially. Major differences were found for radiance sensors measuring a sunlit water target at viewing zenith angle of 139° because of the different fields of view. Major differences were found for irradiance sensors because of imperfect cosine response of diffusers. Variability between individual radiometers did depend significantly also on the type of the sensor and on the specific measurement target. Uniform SI traceable radiometric calibration ensuring fairly good consistency for indoor, laboratory measurements is insufficient for outdoor, field measurements, mainly due to the different angular variability of illumination. More stringent specifications and individual testing of radiometers for all relevant systematic effects (temperature, nonlinearity, spectral stray light, etc.) are needed to reduce biases between instruments and better quantify measurement uncertainties.

[ITAL]Infrared Space Observatory[/ITAL]–Long Wavelength Spectrometer Detection of the 112 Micron HD [ITAL]J[/ITAL] = 1 → 0 Line toward the Orion Bar

1999 ◽  
Vol 515 (1) ◽  
pp. L29-L33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wright ◽  
Ewine F. van Dishoeck ◽  
Pierre Cox ◽  
Sunil D. Sidher ◽  
Martin F. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Long Wavelength

scholarly journals ISO results on AGB and post-AGB objects

1997 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
P. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Long Wavelength

We present results obtained on well-known AGB and post-AGB sources with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) and ISOCAM on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The main findings of these studies are briefly summarized.

First detection of thermal H2O Emission from a Herbig-Haro Object

1997 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
R. Liseau ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Shock Model ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
Long Wavelength

The first detection of thermal H2O emission from an Herbig-Haro flow was made with the LWS (Long Wavelength Spectrometer) aboard ISO (Infrared Space Observatory). In addition to H2O, rotational lines of CO and OH as well as lines from [O I] and [C II] were also recorded from HH 54. These observations are consistent with the concept of interstellar shock waves, but a quantitative unifying shock model, capable of explaining all observations, has yet to be developed.

scholarly journals Multi-Sensor Satellite Data Processing for Marine Traffic Understanding

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Reggiannini ◽  
Luigi Bedini
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Wake Detection ◽  
Italian Space Agency

The work described in this document concerns the estimation of the kinematics of a navigating vessel. This task can be accomplished through the exploitation of satellite-borne systems for Earth observation. Indeed, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical sensors installed aboard satellites (European Space Agency Sentinel, ImageSat International Earth Remote Observation System, Italian Space Agency Constellation of Small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) return multi-resolution maps providing information about the marine surface. A moving ship represented through satellite imaging results in a bright oblong object, with a peculiar wake pattern generated by the ship’s passage throughout the water. By employing specifically tailored computer vision methods, these vessel features can be identified and individually analyzed for what concerns geometrical and radiometric properties, backscatterers spatial distribution and the spectral content of the wake components. This paper proposes a method for the automatic detection of the vessel’s motion-related features and their exploitation to provide an estimation of the vessel velocity vector. In particular, the ship’s related wake pattern is considered as a crucial target of interest for the purposes mentioned. The corresponding wake detection module has been implemented adopting a novel approach, i.e., by introducing a specifically tailored gradient estimator in the early processing stages. This results in the enhancement of the turbulent wake detection performance. The resulting overall procedure may also be included in marine surveillance systems in charge of detecting illegal maritime traffic, combating unauthorized fishing, irregular migration and related smuggling activities.

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