Design of a time-compensated EUV and soft X-ray monochromator 
with multilayer mirrors for high-order harmonics

A time-compensated monochromator for ultrashort high-order harmonics in the EUV and soft X-ray regions is presented. The system consists of two grazing-incidence toroidal mirrors used, respectively, as collimating and refocusing elements and of two multilayer normal-incidence plane mirrors illuminated in parallel light that rotate along a vertical axis to select the operative wavelength, but remain parallel to guarantee the constant direction of the exit beam. This is performed by simultaneously rotating and translating one of the two mirrors along an axis parallel to the exit direction. The pulse time duration is not altered up to few femtoseconds.

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A five-axis parallel kinematic mirror unit for soft X-ray beamlines at MAX IV

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s160057751901693x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 262-271

Author(s):

Marcus Agåker ◽

Frieder Mueller ◽

Brian Norsk Jensen ◽

Karl Åhnberg ◽

Peter Sjöblom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stability ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

X Ray ◽

Axis Parallel ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Grazing Incidence Optics ◽

Parallel Kinematic ◽

Five Axis ◽

Better Than

With the introduction of the multi-bend achromats in the new fourth-generation storage rings the emittance has decreased by an order of magnitude resulting in increased brightness. However, the higher brightness comes with smaller beam sizes and narrower radiation cones. As a consequence, the requirements on mechanical stability regarding the beamline components increases. Here an innovative five-axis parallel kinematic mirror unit for use with soft X-ray beamlines using off-axis grazing-incidence optics is presented. Using simulations and measurements from the HIPPIE beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory it is shown that it has no Eigen frequencies below 90 Hz. Its positioning accuracy is better than 25 nm linearly and 17–35 µrad angularly depending on the mirror chamber dimensions.

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The Use of Ti, Si, C, Be and LiF in Soft X-Ray Optics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107948 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

A.V. Vinogradov

Keyword(s):

Normal Incidence ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

X Rays ◽

Optical Elements ◽

Ray Optics ◽

X Ray

SummaryTi, Si, C, Be and LiF have been studied as coatings for normal incidence (multilayers) and grazing incidence (steering many-fold reflection mirrors) optical elements. The multilayers have been tested with soft (130+250 Å and hard (1.54 Å) X-rays. From these measurements the multilayer parameters have been deduced.The carbon and lithium fluorine steering mirrors showed the reflection of 10+60% for the turning angles of 30 and 45 degrees and two wavelengths of 44.7 Å and 67.6 Å. The perspectives of other materials are also discussed.

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Development of grazing-incidence focusing system for high-order harmonics in the soft X-ray region

2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference ◽

10.1109/qels.2005.1549298 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

H. Mashiko ◽

A. Suda ◽

K. Omi ◽

K. Midorikawa

Keyword(s):

Grazing Incidence ◽

High Order ◽

X Ray

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Advanced instrumentation for spectral and spatial investigations of high-order laser harmonics

Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.1017/s0263034601192050 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

LUCA POLETTO ◽

GIUSEPPE TONDELLO ◽

PAOLO VILLORESI

Keyword(s):

Laser Pulse ◽

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Femtosecond Laser Pulse ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

High Order ◽

Gas Jet ◽

Generation Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Flat Field

We report on the design and characterization of a grazing-incidence flat-field spectrograph that allows simultaneously the measurement of spectrum, beam divergence, and absolute flux of EUV and soft X-ray radiation for a beam of high-order laser harmonics generated by the interaction between an ultrashort femtosecond laser pulse and a gas jet. The instrument seems a very powerful tool for the understanding of the generation process.

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Multilayer X-Ray Optics for Future Missions

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900115426 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 188 ◽

pp. 337-338

Author(s):

K. Yamashita ◽

H. Kunieda ◽

Y. Tawara ◽

K. Tamura

Keyword(s):

Spectral Resolution ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Angular Resolution ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Normal Incidence ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Diffraction Limit ◽

Optical Systems ◽

X Ray ◽

Astronomical Imaging

Multilayers have a great potentiality to improve the image quality, spectral resolution and energy coverage of x-ray optical systems. The angular resolution of a normal incidence telescope aims at approaching the diffraction limit in the soft x-ray region. Multilayer supermirror makes it possible to fabricate a grazing incidence telescope with high sensitivity in hard x-ray region. Multilayer coated gratings are also useful dispersive elements with high efficiency and spectral resolution in the 2-10keV region. The application of multilayers is expected to open up a new field in astronomical imaging and spectroscopic observations which are not accessible by present telescopes.

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Ordered arrangement of F4TCNQ anions in three-dimensionally oriented P3HT thin films

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77022-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuichi Nagamatsu ◽

Shyam S. Pandey

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Optical Transition ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Acetonitrile Solution ◽

P3ht Film ◽

X Ray ◽

Polymeric Chains ◽

Axis Parallel ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractAn ordered arrangement of electron-accepting molecular dopant, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), in three-dimensionally (3D) oriented poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film was clarified. The 3D oriented P3HT thin films prepared by the friction-transfer technique were doped with F4TCNQ by dipping into an acetonitrile solution. The presence of F4TCNQ anions in the 3D oriented P3HT thin films was investigated by polarized ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry, polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and infrared p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectroscopy (pMAIRS). The F4TCNQ-doped 3D oriented P3HT films showed anisotropic properties in all characterizations. In particular, the anisotropic molecular vibrations from polarized FT-IR and pMAIRS have clearly revealed orientations of polymeric chains and molecular dopant molecules. Considering the results from several independent techniques indicated that F4TCNQ anions in the 3D oriented P3HT were orderly arranged in a 3D manner with respect to the 3D oriented P3HT such that their molecular long-axis parallel to the P3HT backbone, with in-plane molecular orientation. Additionally, the direction of the optical transition moment of the F4TCNQ anion was found to be parallel to the molecular short-axis.

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