Fig-eating by birds in a Malaysian lowland rain forest

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest

ABSTRACTSixty bird species ate the figs of 29 Ficus taxa at a lowland forest site in Peninsular Malaysia. Although most bird-eaten figs were brightly coloured, four Ficus species produced dull-coloured ripe fruits. Whilst there was tremendous overlap in the sizes of figs eaten by different bird species, data presented show that the fig resource was partitioned by birds. Large birds were commoner visitors to large-fruited Ficus, but small birds tended to eat small figs. Within two avian genera, the Treron pigeons and Megalaima barbets, there was distinct partitioning of figs consumed according to fig size.

scholarly journals Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ruth Kiew ◽  
Chung-Lu Lim
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Botanical Exploration ◽  
Three New Species

Of the 92 Codonoboea species that occur in Peninsular Malaysia, 20 are recorded from the state of Terengganu, of which 9 are endemic to Terengganu including three new species, C. norakhirrudiniana Kiew, C. rheophytica Kiew and C. sallehuddiniana C.L.Lim, that are here described and illustrated. A key and checklist to all the Terengganu species are provided. The majority of species grow in lowland rain forest, amongst which C. densifolia and C. rheophytica are rheophytic. Only four grow in montane forest. The flora of Terengganu is still incompletely known, especially in the northern part of the state and in mountainous areas and so, with botanical exploration, more new species can be expected in this speciose genus.

scholarly journals A rapid assessment of logging effects on bird species in Kelantan forests areas, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Logging Effects

Kelantan Forest Areas (KFA) are known to be the major portion of Taman Negara National Park, and it has been identified as an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) rank 1 under Malaysia’s National Physical Plan (NPP). Since access to the forest areas is often lacking and vital forest information are often inadequate, this study aims to find a baseline data for macro EIA of KFA. This study consists of rapid assessment of logging effects on bird species. Based on the study, Kelantan forests are divided into (1) lowland evergreen rain forest, (2) lower mountain rain forest and (3) upper mountain rain forest, using general vegetation forms. A total of 321 species of birds were recorded in KFA using data collection from related agencies, Mist-netting Method, Transect survey Method (Distance Sampling Method; Point Count Method) and Secondary data. Out of this number, 220, 49, 7 and 1 species were falls under totally protected, nearly threatened, vulnerable and critically endangered categories, respectively. Out of the total recorded species, a total of 155, 292 and 128 species were recorded in lowland evergreen rain forest reserves, lower mountain rain forest reserve and upper Kelantan mountain rain forest respectively. The blue-banded kingfisher Alcedo euryzonia in the list of Kelantan birds was fall under critically endangered status. A total of 83 species were observed commonly in 3 kinds of habitat, 20 species were recorded only in Kelantan lowland forest reserve, which species Jambu fruit-dove was fall under nearly threatened. Furthermore, a total of 5 species were recorded just in upper mountain Kelantan rain forest. This study considered that Kelantan forests could be one of the `megadiversity’ places in Malaysia, and effects of logging on wildlife species as well as birds were cleared.

scholarly journals A rapid assessment of logging effects on bird species in Kelantan forests areas, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Logging Effects

Kelantan Forest Areas (KFA) are known to be the major portion of Taman Negara National Park, and it has been identified as an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) rank 1 under Malaysia’s National Physical Plan (NPP). Since access to the forest areas is often lacking and vital forest information are often inadequate, this study aims to find a baseline data for macro EIA of KFA. This study consists of rapid assessment of logging effects on bird species. Based on the study, Kelantan forests are divided into (1) lowland evergreen rain forest, (2) lower mountain rain forest and (3) upper mountain rain forest, using general vegetation forms. A total of 321 species of birds were recorded in KFA using data collection from related agencies, Mist-netting Method, Transect survey Method (Distance Sampling Method; Point Count Method) and Secondary data. Out of this number, 220, 49, 7 and 1 species were falls under totally protected, nearly threatened, vulnerable and critically endangered categories, respectively. Out of the total recorded species, a total of 155, 292 and 128 species were recorded in lowland evergreen rain forest reserves, lower mountain rain forest reserve and upper Kelantan mountain rain forest respectively. The blue-banded kingfisher Alcedo euryzonia in the list of Kelantan birds was fall under critically endangered status. A total of 83 species were observed commonly in 3 kinds of habitat, 20 species were recorded only in Kelantan lowland forest reserve, which species Jambu fruit-dove was fall under nearly threatened. Furthermore, a total of 5 species were recorded just in upper mountain Kelantan rain forest. This study considered that Kelantan forests could be one of the `megadiversity’ places in Malaysia, and effects of logging on wildlife species as well as birds were cleared.

scholarly journals Species richness and phytogeography of the Bryophyte flora of the Guianas, with special reference to the lowland forest

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Gradstein ◽  
D. Montfoort ◽  
J. H.C. Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
General Character ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Dry Evergreen Forest ◽  
Species Area ◽  
The Guianas

The Guianas (French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana) are probably one of the last areas of the world covered largely by virgin lowland rain forest. Species diversity of epiphytic bryophytes was investigated in dry evergreen forest and mixed forest using mountaineering techniques to ascend into the canopy. The results indicate that the lowland rain forest is richer in species than previously believed due to neglect of the canopy flora, which may hold more than 50% of the local species. The mixed forest holds the richest flora and on one single forest tree up to 67 bryophyte species were found (50 on average); 28 trees yielded 154 species. A species/area curve indicates that epiphytic bryophyte species are usually commonly distributed in the forest and a few trees may yield much of the local flora. A recent checklist of the Guianas includes over 600 species of bryophytes: 375 Hepaticae and 234 Musci. As the region lacks in altitude (except on Mt. Roraima) the general character of the bryophyte flora of the Guianas is typically lowland neotropical. Over 80% of the species are rather widespread in tropical America (Amazonian species included), and the remaining are Guayana Highlands, northern Amazonian or Caribbean elements. Endemism is very low: 2.5 %.

Specialization for canopy position by hemiepiphytic Ficus species in a Bornean rain forest

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Laman
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Alluvial Terraces

ABSTRACTThe growth habits of five species of hemiepiphytic fig trees (Ficus subgenus Urostigma) were compared to see if any species occupied distinct canopy positions or showed unique host preferences in lowland rain forest in Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesian Borneo. Highly significant differences among species were found in the height of establishment on hosts, the level at which fig crowns were deployed, and the size and taxa of host trees. Ficus stupenda, F. dubia, and F. subtecta all had mean establishment heights between 29 and 31m above the ground, had their crowns in the upper canopy, and predominantly occupied large trees in the Dipterocarpaceae. F. consociata and F. xylophylla established at significantly lower mean heights of 24 and 18 m respectively, had their crowns predominantly in lower canopy layers, and disproportionately occupied smaller non-dipterocarp trees. These patterns were consistent both within lowland forest on alluvial terraces, which was most intensively sampled, and when data were combined from three other contiguous lowland forest habitats. Ficus species appear to be specialized to some extent for distinct microhabitats within the canopy.

scholarly journals Leaf Dmage and Traits of Dipterocarp Seedings in a Lowland Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia.

Tropics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya NUMATA ◽  
Naoki KACHI ◽  
Toshinori OKUDA ◽  
N. MANOKARAN
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest

Trophic Organization of Understory Birds in a Malaysian Dipterocarp Forest

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Wong
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Central American ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Understory Birds

Abstract Single-sample studies suggested that understory flowers and fruits and their avian consumers are scarce in the Malaysian rain forest as compared with African and Central American rain forests. Results from my longer-term studies at Pasoh Forest Reserve (Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia) established that flowers and fruits were consistently rare as food for birds. A comparison of two forest types at Pasoh revealed the effect of lower food availability on avian trophic organization. Food resources (e.g. flowers, fruits, arthropods) were less abundant in the regenerating than in the virgin forest, and bird species richness and individual abundance were also lower in the regenerating forest understory. However, the two forests did not differ significantly in the relative importance of the various foraging guilds, suggesting that similar types of resources were present in similar proportions. None of the birds sampled in the Malaysian rain-forest understory was a specialized consumer of understory flowers or fruit, whereas birds feeding mainly on foliage-dwelling arthropods were abundant and were represented by many species. This trophic organization is contrary to that reported for rain forests in other tropical regions but may simply reflect an allocation of harvestable productivity that is different rather than lower.

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