scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation in community composition of herbivorous insects on Neoboutonia macrocalyx in a primary tropical rain forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Heimonen ◽  
Jeremiah S. Lwanga ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Tommi Nyman ◽  
Heikki Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract:Spatial and temporal variation of tropical insect communities has rarely been studied, although such variation influences estimates of global species richness. Therefore, we compared spatial and temporal variation of herbivorous insect communities on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees among seven sites over 1 y in a primary tropical rain forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The distance between the study sites varied from 4.8 to 31.2 km and altitudinal differences ranged from 20 to 242 m. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial changes in community composition of the herbivorous insects and study sites differed also in insect abundance (6.9–26.2 individuals m−2 of leaf area). This is likely to be caused by differences in vegetation, altitude and microclimate among the study sites. The similarity of insect species composition was negatively correlated with geographic and altitudinal distances among sites and positively correlated with the similarity of tree community composition. Species richness varied significantly between sampling dates, ranging from 33 to 41 species. Also community compositions changed between sampling dates, which likely follows from marked seasonal changes in climate and the phenology of other host plants used by the generalist insect species also living on Neoboutonia macrocalyx. In general our study supports the idea of high variability of herbivorous insect communities in primary rain forests even at a small spatial scale. This should be considered when estimations of insect biodiversity are made.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation Dominates in Local Carabid Beetle Communities in Korean Mountains

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Park ◽  
Taewoong Jang ◽  
Jongkuk Kim ◽  
Su-Kyung Kim ◽  
Il-Kwon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Study Sites

Spatial and temporal variation in ecological environments may result in spatial and temporal variation in communities. Temporal studies of biodiversity are essential for forecasting future changes in community structure and ecosystem function. Therefore, determining the mechanisms that drive temporal change in communities remains an important and interesting challenge in ecology. We quantified spatial and temporal variations in carabid beetle communities and site-specific environmental factors for 5 years at nine study sites on three mountains in the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range, Korea. Carabid beetle communities exhibited significant temporal variation, which was larger than spatial variations between and within mountains. Environmental factors mostly varied between sites within mountains. Community variation was only weakly associated with environmental factors at wide scales, i.e., between sites on three mountains, but was strongly associated at narrow spatial scales, i.e., between sites within one mountain. Our results indicate that temporal variation in communities occurs in response to variations in the local climate, and that the patterns of temporal variation differ between mountains. Thus, temporal surveys of insect communities and climates at local scales are important for predicting temporal changes in the communities.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages in a subtropical small stream of the Huangshan Mountain

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Yan ◽  
Shan He ◽  
Ling Chu ◽  
Xiuying Xiang ◽  
Yanju Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Huangshan Mountain

Abstract Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages were investigated seasonally from May 2007 to February 2008 across 11 study sites in a subtropical small stream, the Puxi Stream, of the Huangshan Mountain. Along the longitudinal gradient from headwater to downstream, fish species richness and abundance increased gradually, but then decreased significantly at the lower reaches. The highest species richness and abundance were observed in August and the lowest in February. Based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), fish assemblages were significantly different in spatial variation but not in temporal variation. Although differences were observed both among sites and among stream orders, the lower R value in order-variation suggested stream order was not the optimal factor explaining the spatial variation of fish assemblages. In addition, dam construction did not significantly alter fish assemblages in the sites adjacent to and immediately downstream to dams. Using cluster analysis and non-metric Multi Dimensional Scaling analysis (NMS), assemblages were separated into three groups at a Bray-Curtis similarity value of 42%: the upper, middle and lower groups. Following analysis of similarity percentages of species contributions (SIMPER), shifts in occurrence or abundance of S. curriculus, Z. platypus, R. bitterling and A. fasciatus contributed most to the differences amongst the three groups. Standard Deviation Redundancy Analysis (RDA) suggested that habitat structure (such as elevation, substrate, and flow velocity) contributed to the spatial and temporal pattern of fish assemblages in the Puxi Stream. In conclusion, the fish assemblages in Puxi Stream presented significant spatial but not temporal variation. Human disturbance has perhaps induced the decrease in species diversity in the lower reaches. However, no significant change was observed for fish assemblages in sites far from and immediately downstream from low-head dams.

scholarly journals Aquatic macrophyte community varies in urban reservoirs with different degrees of eutrophication

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Cristina Alves da Silva ◽  
Armando Carlos Cervi ◽  
Cleusa Bona ◽  
André Andrian Padial
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Macrophyte Community ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte Community

AIM: Investigate spatial and temporal variation in the aquatic macrophyte community in four urban reservoirs located in Curitiba metropolitan region, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that aquatic macrophyte community differ among reservoirs with different degrees of eutrophication. METHODS: The reservoirs selected ranged from oligotrophic/mesotrophic to eutrophic. Sampling occurred in October 2011, January 2012 and June 2012. Twelve aquatic macrophytes stands were sampled at each reservoir. Species were identified and the relative abundance of aquatic macrophytes was estimated. Differences among reservoirs and over sampling periods were analyzed: i) through two‑way ANOVAs considering the stand extent (m) and the stand biodiversity - species richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener index and beta diversity (species variation along the aquatic macrophyte stand); and ii) through PERMANOVA considering species composition. Indicator species that were characteristic for each reservoir were also identified. RESULTS: The aquatic macrophyte stand extent varied among reservoirs and over sampling periods. Species richness showed only temporal variation. On the other hand, evenness and Shannon-Wiener index varied only among reservoirs. The beta diversity of macrophyte stands did not vary among reservoirs or over time, meaning that species variability among aquatic macrophyte stands was independent of the stand extent and reservoir eutrophication. Community composition depended on the reservoir and sampling period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support our initial expectation that reservoirs of different degrees of eutrophication have different aquatic macrophyte communities. As a consequence, each reservoir had particular indicator species. Therefore, monitoring and management efforts must be offered for each reservoir individually.

scholarly journals What drives the spatial distribution and dynamics of local species richness in tropical forest?

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Wiegand ◽  
Felix May ◽  
Martin Kazmierczak ◽  
Andreas Huth
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Understanding the structure and dynamics of highly diverse tropical forests is challenging. Here we investigate the factors that drive the spatio-temporal variation of local tree numbers and species richness in a tropical forest (including 1250 plots of 20 × 20 m 2 ). To this end, we use a series of dynamic models that are built around the local spatial variation of mortality and recruitment rates, and ask which combination of processes can explain the observed spatial and temporal variation in tree and species numbers. We find that processes not included in classical neutral theory are needed to explain these fundamental patterns of the observed local forest dynamics. We identified a large spatio-temporal variability in the local number of recruits as the main missing mechanism, whereas variability of mortality rates contributed to a lesser extent. We also found that local tree numbers stabilize at typical values which can be explained by a simple analytical model. Our study emphasized the importance of spatio-temporal variability in recruitment beyond demographic stochasticity for explaining the local heterogeneity of tropical forests.

scholarly journals Edge effects in the avifaunal community of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg ◽  
Emily C. Morshuis ◽  
Cristina Banks-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Resource Distributions ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Open Canopy

AbstractMost evidence suggests anthropogenic edges negatively affect rain-forest bird communities but little has been done to test this in Australasia. In this study, avifaunal detection frequency, species richness and community composition were compared between the edge and interior and between flat and more complex-shaped edges of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland. The detection frequency and richness of guilds based on diet, foraging strata and habitat specialism were also compared. This study detected 15.1% more birds at the rain-forest edge compared with the interior but no difference in species richness. Edge shape had no effect on detection frequency or richness. Many guilds (subcanopy, closed forest, frugivorous and insectivorous species) experienced increased detection frequency at the edge relative to the interior, but for some guilds this response was reduced (habitat generalists) or reversed (understorey and mixed-flock species) along complex edges. Overall community composition was affected by edge distance but not by edge shape. Edge habitat was shorter and had more open canopy than the interior, supporting habitat-based explanations for the observed avifaunal edge effects. These results suggest generally positive edge effects in Australian rain-forest bird communities, possibly reflecting local resource distributions or a disturbance-tolerant species pool.

The successional pathway of the tree community and how it shapes the fruit-feeding butterfly community in an Afrotropical forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Valtonen ◽  
Geoffrey M. Malinga ◽  
Margaret Nyafwono ◽  
Philip Nyeko ◽  
Arthur Owiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Butterfly Community

Abstract:The relative importance of different bottom-up-mediated effects in shaping insect communities in tropical secondary forests are poorly understood. Here, we explore the roles of vegetation structure, forest age, local topography (valley vs. hill top) and soil variables in predicting fruit-feeding butterfly and tree community composition, and tree community composition in predicting fruit-feeding butterfly community composition, in different-aged naturally regenerating and primary forests of Kibale National Park, Uganda. We also examine which variables are best predictors of fruit-feeding butterfly species richness or diversity. Butterflies (88 species) were sampled with a banana-baited trap and trees (98 taxa) with a 40 × 20-m sampling plot at 80 sampling sites. The environmental variables explained 31% of the variation in the tree community composition, the best predictors being local topography, forest age and cover of Acanthus pubescens (a shrub possibly arresting succession). The fruit-feeding butterfly community composition was better predicted by tree community composition (explaining 10% of the variation) rather than vegetation structure, local topography or soil factors. Environmental variables and tree species richness (or diversity) were poor predictors of butterfly species richness (or diversity). Our results emphasize the importance of tree community to recovery of herbivorous insect communities in tropical secondary forests.

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