Transmission as Transformation: The Translation Movements in the Medieval East and West in a Comparative Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abattouy ◽  
Jürgen Renn ◽  
Paul Weinig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
The United States ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
History Of

The articles collected in this volume have their origin in an international workshop dedicated to “Experience and Knowledge Structures in Arabic and Latin Sciences.” Specialists from Great Britain, France, Denmark, Spain, Morocco, the United States, and Germany gathered in Berlin in 1996 in the context of an interdisciplinary research project on the history of mechanical thinking at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science. The workshop initiated a process of discussion focused on problems of the intercultural transmission and transformation of knowledge. The present double issue is an outcome of this ongoing discussion.

Response to James Lebovic's review of Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jervis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cold War

Among the many issues raised by James Lebovic's perceptive review are two that strike me as crucial: the relationships between intelligence and social science and those between intelligence and policymaking. The first itself has two parts, one being how scholars can study intelligence. Both access and methods are difficult. For years, diplomatic historians referred to intelligence as the “hidden dimension” of their subject. Now it is much more open, and Great Britain, generally more secretive than the United States, has just issued the authorized history of MI5 (see Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, 2009). Since the end of the Cold War, the CIA has released extensive, if incomplete, records, and the bright side (for us) of intelligence failures is that they lead to the release of treasure troves of documents, which can often be supplemented by memoirs and interviews. But even more than in other aspects of foreign policy analysis, we are stuck with evidence that is fragmentary. In this way, we resemble scholars of ancient societies, who forever lament the loss of most of the material they want to study.

Locating Nowhere

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Michael Robertson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Edward Bellamy ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Charles Fourier ◽  
Total Reconstruction

This chapter examines the proliferation of utopian literature in the United States and Great Britain during the late nineteenth century, mainly due to the economic and social upheavals resulting from industrial capitalism. In particular, it shows how writers such as Edward Bellamy and Thomas More came up with their visions of peaceful and egalitarian future worlds in response to the turbulence of their era. The chapter first provides an overview of the Great Depression experienced by both the United States and Great Britain between 1873 and 1896, a period characterized by extreme poverty and unemployment, before discussing the history of More's Utopia (1516). It then considers how utopian socialists in Europe and the United States, including Henri de Saint-Simon, Robert Owen, and Charles Fourier, devised schemes for the total reconstruction of society. It also analyzes Henry George's utopian vision, which he articulated in his 1879 book Progress and Poverty.

Do We Need an Interdisciplinary Approach to Bring Consumers' Desires to e-Market?

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Patrick Letouze ◽  
David N. Prata
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Consumer Theory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project

In 2012, the internet advertising revenue in the United States of America reached a total of 36.6 billion dollars, a growth of 15.2% when compared to 2011. The efficiency of a marketing strategy relies in the ability to understand and to direct the consumers' desires. In this work, the authors propose an approach that combines the Internet-Based Information Consumer Theory (IBICT) with semiotics to bring consumers' desires to e-Market. Hence, we present IBICT's framework as a collective network set based on a semiotic human-machine approach. For implementation purposes, we propose a text mining architecture towards IBICT's framework, which leads to an IBICT's architecture, and an Interdisciplinary Research Project Management (IRPM) approach to determine IBICT's dimensions.

scholarly journals PHRENOLOGY, CORRESPONDENCE, AND THE GLOBAL POLITICS OF REFORM, 1815–1848

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES POSKETT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Global History ◽  
Political Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Project

ABSTRACTLike many nineteenth-century sciences, phrenology had global aspirations. Skulls were collected in Egypt and Ceylon, societies exchanged journals between India and the United States, and phrenological bestsellers were sold in Shanghai and Tokyo. Despite this wealth of interaction, existing accounts treat phrenology within neat national and urban settings. In contrast, this article examines phrenology as a global political project. During an age in which character dominated public discourse, phrenology emerged as a powerful political language. In this article, I examine the role that correspondence played in establishing material connections between phrenologists and their political concerns, ranging from the abolition of slavery to the reform of prison discipline. Two overarching arguments run throughout my case-studies. First, phrenologists used correspondence to establish reform as a global project. Second, phrenology allowed reformers to present their arguments in terms of a new understanding of human character. More broadly, this article connects political thought with the global history of science.

The history of science in the science classroom: The past is the key to the future in science education

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Clary ◽  
James H. Wandersee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Science Education ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Science Classrooms ◽  
History Of

In many science classes, students encounter ‘final form’ science (Duschl 1990, 1994) in which scientific knowledge is presented as a rhetoric of conclusions (Schwab 1962). Incorporation of the history of science in modern science classrooms combats this false image of linear science progression. History of science can facilitate student understanding of the nature of science, pique student interest, and expose the cultural and societal constraints in which a science developed, revealing science's ‘human side’ (Matthews 1994). Carefully selected and researched episodes from the history of science illustrate that scientists sometimes chose incorrect hypotheses, misinterpreted data, and argued about data analysis. Our research documented that historical vignettes can hook students' attention, and past controversies can be used to develop students' analysis and argumentation skills before turning class attention to modern controversial issues. Historical graphics also have educational potential, as they reveal the progression of a science and offer alternative vehicles for data interpretation. In the United States, the National Science Education Standards (United States National Research Council 1996) acknowledged the importance of the History and Nature of Science by designating it as one of eight science content strands. However, the new United States Next Generation Science Standards (Achieve 2013) no longer include this strand, although the importance of the nature of science is still emphasized in the science framework (United States National Research Council 2012). Therefore, it is crucial that science education researchers continue to research and implement the history of science via interdisciplinary approaches to ensure its inclusion in United States science classrooms for better student understanding of the nature of science.

Physics Textbooks and Textbook Physics in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Simon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Science Education ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
German States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This article focuses on physics textbooks and textbook physics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with particular emphasis on developments in France, Germany, Britain, and the United States. It first examines the role that physics textbooks played in the early stages of the professionalization of the history of science before presenting a general overview of the genesis of textbook physics in the nineteenth century. It also looks at major textbooks produced in France and the German states while making some reference to British and American textbooks. Finally, it considers recent scholarship dealing with textbooks in the history of physics. The article shows how our views on textbooks have been shaped by events that have established particular hierarchies between scientific research and science education, and between universities and schools. It argues that the study of textbooks would benefit from greater reflexivity.

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