Near-constancy phenomena in branching processes

1991 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Biggins ◽  
N. H. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Primary Motivation

The occurrence of certain ‘near-constancy phenomena’ in some aspects of the theory of (simple) branching processes forms the background for the work below. The problem arises out of work by Karlin and McGregor [8, 9]. A detailed study of the theoretical and numerical aspects of the Karlin–McGregor near-constancy phenomenon was given by Dubuc[7], and considered further by Bingham[4]. We give a new approach which simplifies and generalizes the results of these authors. The primary motivation for doing this was the recent work of Barlow and Perkins [3], who observed near-constancy in a framework not immediately covered by the results then known.

The latent roots of certain Markov chains arising in genetics: A new approach, I. Haploid models

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cannings
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Latent Roots

Haploid models of genetic drift in populations of constant size are considered. Generalizations of the models of Moran and Wright have been developed by Karlin and McGregor (for multiple alleles and non-overlapping generations), by Chia and Watterson (for two alleles and overlapping or non-overlapping generations) and by Chia (for multiple alleles and overlapping or non-overlapping generations), using conditioned branching processes. A new approach is developed which contains the models mentioned above and provides simpler expressions for the latent roots. A greater dependence between the birth events and death events can be permitted, and non-independent mutations treated.

scholarly journals Overlap graph-based generation of haplotigs for diploids and polyploids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmijn A. Baaijens ◽  
Alexander Schönhuth
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Iterative Scheme ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Polyploid Genome

AbstractHaplotype aware genome assembly plays an important role in genetics, medicine, and various other disciplines, yet generation of haplotype-resolved de novo assemblies remains a major challenge. Beyond distinguishing between errors and true sequential variants, one needs to assign the true variants to the different genome copies. Recent work has pointed out that the enormous quantities of traditional NGS read data have been greatly underexploited in terms of haplotig computation so far, which reflects that methodology for reference independent haplotig computation has not yet reached maturity. We present POLYTE (POLYploid genome fitTEr) as a new approach to de novo generation of haplotigs for diploid and polyploid genomes. Our method follows an iterative scheme where in each iteration reads or contigs are joined, based on their interplay in terms of an underlying haplotype-aware overlap graph. Along the iterations, contigs grow while preserving their haplotype identity. Benchmarking experiments on both real and simulated data demonstrate that POLYTE establishes new standards in terms of error-free reconstruction of haplotype-specific sequence. As a consequence, POLYTE outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in various relevant aspects, where advantages become particularly distinct in polyploid settings. POLYTE is freely available as part of the HaploConduct package at https://github.com/HaploConduct/HaploConduct, implemented in Python and C++.

scholarly journals Morphotactics in an information-based model of realisational morphology

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bonami ◽  
Berthold Crysmann
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Feature Sets

In most recent work, Crysmann and Bonami (2012) suggest to reconcile the insights of inferential-realisational morphology (Anderson, 1992; Stump, 2001; Brown and Hippisley, 2012) with the full typology of variable morphotactics: situations where the expression of analogous feature sets can appear in various positions in the string. The authors proposed to account for these facts by importing, into HPSG, a variant of Paradigm Function Morphology (Stump, 2001) where realisation rules are doubly indexed for linear position and paradigmatic opposition. In this paper we first introduce more empirical challenges for theories of morphotactics that neither PFM nor the reformist approach of Crysmann and Bonami (2012) can accommodate. We then argue for a reappraisal of methods for morph introduction, and propose a new approach that replaces stipulation of classes of paradigmatic opposition with a general distinction between expression and conditioning (Carstairs, 1987; Noyer, 1992) which greatly expands the scope of Pāṇini’s Principle.

The latent roots of certain Markov chains arising in genetics: A new approach, I. Haploid models

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 260-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cannings
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Latent Roots

Haploid models of genetic drift in populations of constant size are considered. Generalizations of the models of Moran and Wright have been developed by Karlin and McGregor (for multiple alleles and non-overlapping generations), by Chia and Watterson (for two alleles and overlapping or non-overlapping generations) and by Chia (for multiple alleles and overlapping or non-overlapping generations), using conditioned branching processes. A new approach is developed which contains the models mentioned above and provides simpler expressions for the latent roots. A greater dependence between the birth events and death events can be permitted, and non-independent mutations treated.

Definition, Abstraction, Postulation, and Magic

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Bob Hale
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Kit Fine ◽  
Crucial Set

In recent work, Kit Fine proposes a new approach to the philosophy of mathematics, which he calls procedural postulationism: the postulates from which a mathematical theory is derived are imperatival, rather than indicative, in character. According to procedural postulationism, what is postulated in mathematics are not propositions true in a given mathematical domain, but rather procedures for the construction of that domain. Fine claims some very significant advantages for procedural postulationism over other approaches. This chapter raises some questions for the view and its promised advantages. One crucial set of questions concerns how exactly the commands of procedural postulationism are to be understood. And in particular, how literally are we to take talk of construction?

La Localisation Temporelle

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-361
Author(s):  
Carl Vetters
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Temporal Clauses ◽  
Temporal Localization ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

The paper proposes a new approach to temporal clauses and temporal adverbs, which are mostly said to "localize" the main verb. In recent work of Vicenzo Lo Cascio and others, temporal clauses and adverbs are treated completely differently and independently. We want to show that they should be handled together. Therefore, we start from a different conception of temporal localization, based on non-linguistic localization, as used in f.e. geography. So, we are able to show similarities between temporal clauses and adverbs. Our conclusion is that the localizer is always the time interval which is situated at the background, although it is not necessarily expressed by the temporal clause or adverb. On the contrary, a temporal clause or adverb can also be localized by the verb of the main clause.

scholarly journals Top-Quality Planning: Finding Practically Useful Sets of Best Plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 9900-9907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Katz ◽  
Shirin Sohrabi ◽  
Octavian Udrea
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Plan Quality ◽  
Solution Quality ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Quality Planning ◽  
New Family ◽  
Complete Procedure ◽  
The Difference

The need for finding a set of plans rather than one has been motivated by a variety of planning applications. The problem is studied in the context of both diverse and top-k planning: while diverse planning focuses on the difference between pairs of plans, the focus of top-k planning is on the quality of each individual plan. Recent work in diverse planning introduced additionally restrictions on solution quality. Naturally, there are application domains where diversity plays the major role and domains where quality is the predominant feature. In both cases, however, the amount of produced plans is often an artificial constraint, and therefore the actual number has little meaning. Inspired by the recent work in diverse planning, we propose a new family of computational problems called top-quality planning, where solution validity is defined through plan quality bound rather than an arbitrary number of plans. Switching to bounding plan quality allows us to implicitly represent sets of plans. In particular, it makes it possible to represent sets of plans that correspond to valid plan reorderings with a single plan. We formally define the unordered top-quality planning computational problem and present the first planner for that problem. We empirically demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to a top-k planner-based baseline, ranging from 41% increase in coverage for finding all optimal plans to 69% increase in coverage for finding all plans of quality up to 120% of optimal plan cost. Finally, complementing the new approach by a complete procedure for generating all valid reorderings of a given plan, we derive a top-quality planner. We show the planner to be competitive with a top-k planner based baseline.

On the Exact Computation of the Swept Surface of a Cylindrical Surface Undergoing Two-Parameter Rational Bézier Motions

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xia ◽  
Q. J. Ge
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Cylindrical Surface ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Freeform Surfaces ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Volume Analysis ◽  
Swept Surface ◽  
Swept Volume ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract This paper extends the recent work of Xia and Ge (1999) to develop methods for the exact analysis of the swept surface of a cylindrical surface undergoing two-parameter rational Bézier motions. Instead of the approach of analyzing the point trajectory of an object motion for swept volume analysis, this paper seeks to develop a new approach to swept volume analysis by studying the plane trajectory of a rational motion. It seeks to bring together recent work in swept volume analysis, plane representation of developable surfaces, as well as computer aided synthesis of freeform rational motions. The results have applications in design and approximation of freeform surfaces as well as tool path planning for 5-axis machining of freeform surfaces.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Science: A New Approach to Comprehensive Psychopathology Research That Relates Psychological and Biological Phenomena

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel G. Thomas ◽  
Paul B. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Mechanistic Approach

Efforts to understand the causes of psychopathology have remained stifled in part because current practices do not clearly describe how psychological constructs differ from biological phenomena and how to integrate them in unified explanations. The present article extends recent work in philosophy of science by proposing a framework called mechanistic science as a promising way forward. This approach maintains that integrating psychological and biological phenomena involves demonstrating how psychological functions are implemented in biological structures. Successful early attempts to advance mechanistic explanations of psychological phenomena are reviewed, and lessons are derived to show how the framework can be applied to a range of clinical psychological phenomena, including gene by environment findings, computational models of reward processing in schizophrenia, and self-related processes in personality pathology. Pursuing a mechanistic approach can ultimately facilitate more productive and successful collaborations across a range of disciplines.

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