The essentialist theory faces two problems concerning contingent beings. First, it apparently leads to the conclusion, unpalatable to believers in contingently existing individuals, that Aristotle is a necessary being. Second, if, as is reasonable to suppose, some natures exist contingently, then they will, it seems, be unable to ground necessities. In this chapter, it is attempted to explain how these problems are best solved. The heart of the first problem concerns how essence interacts with existence. In short: statements of essence—including statements of individual essence—are not existence-entailing with respect to the entities whose essences they purport to state. The key to solving the second problem is a distinction between a proposition being true in and true of a possible situation. The essences of actually yet contingently existing entities ground necessary truths, and in particular, the truth of propositions about those entities of, but not in, all possible situations.