scholarly journals Fulminating Haemophilus Influenzae b Meningitis

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. MacDonald ◽  
D.L. Keene ◽  
A.M.R. Mackenzie ◽  
P. Humphreys ◽  
A.L. Jefferies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Neurological Deterioration ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Increased Icp

SUMMARYHaemophilus influenzae type b (HIb) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children with a mortality rate ranging from 1.6% to 14%. Most patients have a 2-3 day history of symptoms prior to admission. A few have fulminating disease with rapid neurological deterioration. Review of 191 cases of HIb meningitis revealed a mortality rate of 2.1% but all who died had fulminating meningitis (FM). Four of six patients with FM died. FM patients had symptoms for less than 24 hours before rapid neurological deterioration with increased ICP, seizures, coma and/or respiratory arrest. Review of 10 FM cases revealed that on admission, 5 had hypotension, 3 had thrombocytopenia, and 8 had coma. Typical CSF changes were seen in only 7. All fatal cases died within 24 hours. Brain swelling and tonsillar herniation were found at autopsy. SDS-PAGE outer membrane protein subtyping did not show one “killer strain”. Animal and autopsy data suggest that diminished CSF outflow and cerebral edema contribute to increased ICP. To improve survival of FM patients, initial treatment must (1) decrease ICP below levels impairing cerebral perfusion, (2) maintain adequate ventilation and blood pressure, and include (3) LP when stable, (4) antibiotics, and (5) close monitoring. Utilizing these principles, two FM patients survived without major sequelae.

scholarly journals Studies of Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Tadashi HOSHINO ◽  
Naruhiko ISHIWADA ◽  
Katsuaki ABE ◽  
Junko OGITA ◽  
Chie FUKASAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Meningitis In Children

Ampicillin-Resistant, β-Lactamase-Negative Haemophilus influenzae Type b

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-232
Author(s):  
Paul A. Offit ◽  
Joseph M. Campos ◽  
Stanley A. Plotkin
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Immune Serum Globulin ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Restrictive Lung Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates resistant to ampicillin have been reported with increasing frequency since 1973.1 The mechanism of resistance is usually via production of a plasmid-mediated β-lactamase.2 We report the second clinical isolate of an ampicillin-resistant strain of H influenzae type b with no detectable β-lactamase activity. CASE REPORT A 20-year-old white woman was admitted to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with a three-day history of fever to 39 C, cough, tachypnea, and diarrhea. Past medical history was significant for the following: (1) recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections first noted at 5 years of age, (2) a selective deficiency of IgG and IgA documented at 8 years of age necessitating monthly immune serum globulin injections, (3) chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with resultant obstructive and restrictive lung disease, (4) severe cachexia, (5) a chronic, maculopapular facial rash, and (6) recurrent, bilateral serous otitis media and sinusitis.

Passive Immunization for Infection With Haemophilus influenzae Type b

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
Mathuram Santosham ◽  
Ray Reid ◽  
G. William Letson ◽  
Mark C. Wolff ◽  
George Siber
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

Haemophilus influenzae type b is the leading cause of meningitis in children younger than 5 years of age in the United States.1 The incidence of infection with H influenzae type b in certain populations, such as Apache and Navajo Indians and Alaskan Eskimos, is 10 to 20 times higher than in the general US population.2-4 Another important feature of H influenzae type b infections in these populations is that more than 80% of the cases occur during the first year of life, with 35% to 45% occurring during the first 6 months. One of the currently licensed vaccines that contains the capsular polysaccharide of the H influenzae type b organism is not reliably immunogenic in infants younger than 18 months of age.5,6 A number of new H influenzae type b vaccines prepared by covalently coupling the H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide with a protein carrier antigen are undergoing clinical evaluation.7-13 One of these conjugate vaccines was shown to be efficacious in preventing disease caused by H influenzae type b in Finnish infants when they were immunized at 3, 4, and 6 months of age.14 Unfortunately, in a recently concluded trial, the same vaccine was not found to be efficacious in preventing such disease in infants younger than 1 year of age among the Alaskan Eskimo population.15 We have evaluated an alternative approach for protecting high-risk infants. A human hyperimmune globulin called bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) was prepared from the pooled plasma of adult blood donors immunized with H influenzae type b, pneumococcal, and meningococcal capsular polysaccharide.16

scholarly journals Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccination on asthma symptoms and pneumonia in 5-year-old children in rural Bangladesh: A longitudinal study and comparison with a previous cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUKO TAKEUCHI ◽  
S. M. Tafsir Hasan ◽  
Khalequ Zaman ◽  
Sayaka Takanashi ◽  
Samar Kumar Hore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although the prevalence of bronchial asthma has been increasing worldwide since the 1970’s, the prevalence among 5-year-old children was significantly lower in 2016 than in 2001 in rural Bangladesh. We aimed to determine whether the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccination (without booster) started in 2009 contributed to this decrease.Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 1658 randomly selected 5-year-old children from Matlab, Bangladesh. Data on wheezing were collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The vaccination data were collected from the records of the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System, while data on pneumonia were obtained from the clinical records of Matlab Hospital. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for the risk for wheezing. The reduction rate was calculated to determine the impact of the vaccination on pneumonia history between the present study and our previous study conducted in 2001 by using the following formula: (percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001 - percentage of pneumonia cases in 2016)/(percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001) times 100 (%).Results: Hib combination vaccination was a protecting factor against wheezing (aOR: 0.50; p = 0.010), while pneumonia at 1, 2, 3–4 years of age were risk factors for wheezing (aOR: 2.86, 3.19, 2.86; p = 0.046, 0.030, 0.030, respectively). The history of pneumonia was significantly lower in the 2016 study participants than those in 2001 both in the overall cohort and the wheezing group (paired t-test: p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). Whereas the history of pneumonia decreased when the children grew older in the 2001 overall cohort, it peaked at the age of 2 years in 2016 wheezing group. The reduction rate decreased when children grew older in both the overall cohort and the wheezing group, however, it decreased faster in the wheezing group.Conclusions: Hib combination vaccination was a protective factor against wheezing in 0-year-old children. However, the effects of vaccination might have attenuated at the ages of 1-4 years, because no booster dose was administered. The addition of a booster dose might further decrease the prevalence of asthma and wheezing.

Moxalactam therapy of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in children

1984 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Chartrand ◽  
Melvin I. Marks ◽  
Ronald K. Scribner ◽  
Jimmie T. Johnston ◽  
Donald F. Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Meningitis In Children

scholarly journals Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccination on asthma symptoms and pneumonia in 5-year-old children in rural Bangladesh: a longitudinal study and comparison with a previous cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruko Takeuchi ◽  
S. M. Tafsir Hasan ◽  
Khalequ Zaman ◽  
Sayaka Takanashi ◽  
Samar Kumar Hore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although the prevalence of bronchial asthma has been increasing worldwide since the 1970′s, the prevalence among 5-year-old children was significantly lower in 2016 than in 2001 in rural Bangladesh. We aimed to determine whether the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccination (without booster) started in 2009 contributed to this decrease. Methods A case–control study was conducted among 1658 randomly selected 5-year-old children from Matlab, Bangladesh. Data on wheezing were collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The vaccination data were collected from the records of the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System, while data on pneumonia were obtained from the clinical records of Matlab Hospital. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for the risk for wheezing. The reduction rate was calculated to determine the impact of the vaccination on pneumonia history between the present study and our previous study conducted in 2001 by using the following formula: (percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001 − percentage of pneumonia cases in 2016)/(percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001) times 100 (%). Results Hib combination vaccination was a protecting factor against wheezing (aOR: 0.50; p = 0.010), while pneumonia at 1, 2, 3–4 years of age were risk factors for wheezing (aOR: 2.86, 3.19, 2.86; p = 0.046, 0.030, 0.030, respectively). The history of pneumonia was significantly lower in the 2016 study participants than those in 2001 both in the overall cohort and the wheezing group (paired t-test: p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). Whereas the history of pneumonia decreased when the children grew older in the 2001 overall cohort, it peaked at the age of 2 years in 2016 wheezing group. The reduction rate decreased when children grew older in both the overall cohort and the wheezing group, however, it decreased faster in the wheezing group. Conclusions Hib combination vaccination was a protective factor against wheezing in 0-year-old children. However, the effects of vaccination might have attenuated at the ages of 1–4 years, because no booster dose was administered. The addition of a booster dose might further decrease the prevalence of asthma and wheezing.

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