bacterial meningitis
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon P. Eisen ◽  
Elizabeth Hamilton ◽  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Rasmus Køster-Rasmussen ◽  
Alexander J. Stockdale ◽  
...  

AbstractTo optimally define the association between time to effective antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes in adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis. A systematic review of the literature describing the association between time to antibiotics and death or neurological impairment due to adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis was performed. A retrospective cohort, multivariable and propensity-score based analyses were performed using individual patient clinical data from Australian, Danish and United Kingdom studies. Heterogeneity of published observational study designs precluded meta-analysis of aggregate data (I2 = 90.1%, 95% CI 71.9–98.3%). Individual patient data on 659 subjects were made available for analysis. Multivariable analysis was performed on 180–362 propensity-score matched data. The risk of death (adjusted odds ratio, aOR) associated with treatment after two hours was 2.29 (95% CI 1.28–4.09) and increased substantially thereafter. Similarly, time to antibiotics of greater than three hours was associated with an increase in the occurrence of neurological impairment (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03–3.14). Among patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis, odds of mortality increase markedly when antibiotics are given later than two hours after presentation to the hospital.


2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Pouladfar ◽  
Anahita Sanaei Dashti ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Kadivar ◽  
Maedeh Jafari ◽  
Bahman Pourabbas ◽  
...  

Background: Childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) requires prompt and precise diagnosis to provide proper treatment and decline mortality and morbidity. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing BM in children admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Shiraz, southern Iran. Materials: We included all 492 children aged one month to 17 years suspected of meningitis who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis admitted to Nemazi Hospital from August 2016 to September 2017. The CSF specimens were examined for routine analysis, Gram staining, and culture. A multiplex real-time PCR was used to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis in the CSF samples. Seven viruses were also investigated using real-time PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using the WHO criteria and the multiplex real-time PCR results. Results: Seventy-four CSF samples had leukocytosis. Nineteen (22.9%) patients had BM caused by S. pneumoniae (n = 14), Hib (n = 2), Salmonella enterica (n = 2), and N. meningitidis (n = 1). The PCR test detected all cases, except for two with Salmonella meningitis (sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 96%). The WHO criteria detected all cases, except three who received antibiotics at least four days before performing lumbar puncture (sensitivity 84.2%, specificity 98.2%, PPV 94.1%, and NPV 94.7%). Enterovirus was the most common viral etiology (6.75%). Conclusions: The WHO criteria and the multiplex real-time PCR had high accuracy in our setting, and their use could decrease the antibiotic over-prescription in febrile children suspected of meningitis.


Author(s):  
Pietro Alessandro Vaccario ◽  
Alícia Carolina Rodrigues Rocha ◽  
Ledismar José da Silva

AbstractBacterial meningitis remains a public health problem. One of the complications of this group of diseases is cerebral ischemia, an important indicator of severity and an independent predictor of poor prognosis. It is already known that, in many cases, pathological aggressiveness is the result of brain abnormalities in individuals with mental illnesses. The indication of neurosurgeries for psychiatric disorders (NPDs) relies on numerous studies based on scientific evidence that correlate psychiatric illnesses with the limbic system and the pathophysiology of emotions. The development of sophisticated stereotactic target localization techniques, brain atlases, and imaging methods made stereotaxis possible, a procedure that increased the precision of neurosurgery and reduced brain damage. Nowadays, multiple targets can be treated during NPD, according to the particular characteristics of the patient. Moreover, the combination of lesions leads to more significant improvements compared with isolated procedures. The present study aimed to report the rare case of a patient with a history of bacterial meningitis who developed stroke and chronic pathological aggressiveness refractory to clinical treatment and underwent ablation using the multitarget stereotactic technique.


IDCases ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. e01406
Author(s):  
Haruka Fukayama ◽  
Kensuke Shoji ◽  
Michiko Yoshida ◽  
Hiroyuki Iijima ◽  
Takanobu Maekawa ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Castagno ◽  
Sonia Aguzzi ◽  
Lorenza Rossi ◽  
Rachele Gallo ◽  
Andrea Carpino ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
◽  
Irina Yurievna Lepina ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Bagdasaryan ◽  
◽  
...  

The article analyzes the pathogenetic features of bacterial meningitis and substantiates the scheme of complex therapy of the disease using the recombinant cytokine interleukin-2 (IL2). The clinical, immunological and microbiological efficacy of the complex therapy scheme has been revealed. It has been shown that the pleiotropic effects of recombinant IL-2, its effect on the activity of metabolic processes at the cellular and subcellular levels, the ability to stabilize the system of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, the ability to influence the processes of clonal proliferation and differentiation of T- and B-lymphocytes, make its use justified in complex therapy of meningitis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zakerin Abedin ◽  
Laila Jarin ◽  
Donald James Gomes

An attempt was made to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a cytological and biochemical profile to identify etiological agents from children with suspected acute bacterial meningitis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 371 suspected meningitis cases were examined, and the highest bacterial meningitis was found in 52(14.0%) cases in this study. Among a total of 371 samples of CSF, 272(73.3%) were crystal clear, 52(14.0%) were moderately turbid, 47(12.7%) highly turbid. The total leukocyte cell count of the CSF was proportionate to the turbidity. In the case of crystal clear CSF’s, total leukocyte counts (TLC) were normally ranging from <5 to 45 per mm3 with predominant lymphocytes. Moderately turbid fluid showed 46 to 500 cells per mm3 and highly turbid fluid showed from 501 to more than 10,00 cells/mm3. In the latter cases, differential counts demonstrated polymorphonuclear predominance. In addition, about 100% (52 cases) of positive and 12.5% (40/319) of negative cases had CSF protein concentration >100 mg/dL. CSF protein concentration greater than 100 mg/dl and sugar level below 40 mg/dl were considered as suspected bacterial meningitis in this study. Surprisingly, the C-Reactive Protein (CRP) values were found to be >40 mg/dL in both culturally positive and negative cases. Most of meningitis positive cases showed increased total cell counts as well as protein concentration, and decreased serum sugar concentrations. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(2): 137-147, December 2021


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Kalthom Adam H. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Abdallah Almaleeh ◽  
Moaawia Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Dalia Mahmoud Adam

This paper introduces the segmentation of Neisseria bacterial meningitis images. Images segmentation is an operation of identifying the homogeneous location in a digital image. The basic idea behind segmentation called thresholding, which be classified as single thresholding and multiple thresholding. To perform images segmentation, transformations and morphological operations processes are used to segment the images, as well as image transformation an edge detecting, filling operation, design structure element, and arithmetic operations technique is used to implement images segmentation. The images segmentation represent significant step in extracting images features and diagnoses the disease by computer software applications.


Author(s):  
C. P. Khuntia ◽  
S. K. Kar ◽  
B. Dwibedi

Background: Bacterial meningitis is a leading cause of high childhood transience. It is the foremost cause of fatality in pediatric age group of 0-5 years in India accounting 0.5 to 2.6% of hospital admissions with CFR 16-30%. Based on above scenario, the study was undertaken to address the prevalence, etiology, social determinants of health factors of bacterial meningitis among under five children Odisha, India. Methods: A cross sectional study comprising of children under five years of age admitted to tertiary care hospital and teaching institutions in Cuttack with suspected clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis during April, 2012 to September 2013. About 634 children enrolled into the study after getting appropriate consent from parents or their legal guardians. Lumbar puncture was done and CSF was sent for biochemical analysis, cell counts, staining, culture, latex agglutination test (LAT) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results: About 61 children (10.4%) were confirmed with diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by either culture, latex or RT PCR.  Male children (74.7%) were significantly more prone to bacterial meningitis than females (24.3%). The common isolated pathogens were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza type b, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebseilla pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was observed to be most common pathogen (57.6%) followed by Haemophilus influenzae type b (26.2%). The risk factors analyzed showed statistically significant association (p<0.01) with low household income, mother’s education, overcrowding (more than 3 persons in a single room), smoking and poor ventilation of household. Conclusion: Strengthening early detection of bacteria meningitis by rapid diagnostic test like LATEX, RT PCR and prompt treatment of emergent case at the household level, improvement in mother’s education and awareness, transportation to local hospital and facility for treatment and care should be utmost priority in the present scenario. It is crucial to assess the burden of bacterial meningitis with its etiology is in this region as  vaccines are yet to be introduced in the child vaccine program.


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