XII.—On the Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part IV. Restorations of the Vascular Cryptogams, and discussion of their bearing on the General Morphology of the Pteridophyta and the Origin of the Organisation of Land-Plants. Part V. The Thallophyta occurring in the Peat Bed; the Succession of the Plants throughout a Vertical Section of the Bed, and the Conditions of Accumulation and Preservation of the Deposit

1922 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
Leaf Arrangement

AbstractPART IV.—This paper concludes the authors’ account of the Vascular Cryptogams found in the Rhynie deposit. Restorations of the four plants, Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, R. major, Hornea Lignieri, and Asteroxylon Mackiei, are given. A few additional features, supplementary to the descriptions of these plants in the preceding papers of the series, are described and illustrated. The hemispherical projections of Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani are shown to have originated underneath stomata. A comparison is made between them and certain intumescences in existing plants. Areas of necrosis and marked wound-reactions of the tissues around them are described for both species of Rhynia. The apex of a stem of R. major is figured. For Asteroxylon additional figures are given of a large rhizome, of the leaf-arrangement and immature structure of the stem in the region of a shoot-apex, and of the longitudinal markings on the epidermal cells resembling those found in Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani. The discussion summarises the authors’ views on the main bearings of the facts described in Parts 1–4 on various problems in plant morphology.PART V.—The Thallophyta occurring in the peat bed; the succession of the plants throughout a vertical section of the bed, and the conditions of accumulation and preservation of the deposit.

scholarly journals XXXII.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part IV. Restorations of the Vascular Cryptogams, and Discussion of their bearing on the General Morphology of the Pteridophyta and the Origin of the Organisation of Land-Plants

1921 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Rhynie Chert

This part of the account of our examination of the plants preserved in the silicified peat-bed of early Old Red Sandstone age found at Rhynie will be devoted to the consideration of a number of general questions concerning the four Vascular Cryptogams which it has yielded.1. In the first place the morphological characters of Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, R. major, Hornea, and Asteroxylon will be reviewed and the attempt made to reconstruct the external appearance of these plants as they grew. In relation to this a few additional features of the plants will be described.2. This will lead naturally to a consideration of the general bearings upon plant-morphology of the facts mentioned in this series of papers.

scholarly journals V. On a new type of crustacean from the old red sandstone (Rhymie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire) — Lepidocaris rhyniensis , gen. et sp. nov

1926 ◽  
Vol 214 (411-420) ◽  
pp. 153-187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
British Association ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One

The Chert Bed of Middle, or possibly Lower, Old Red Sandstone age discovered by Dr. W. Mackie (1914) at Rhynie, in Aberdeenshire, has become famous among palæo-botanists on account of the beautifully preserved remains of the earliest known land plants, described by the late Dr. Kidston and Prof. Lang (1917-1921). In addition to the plants, however, the Rhynie Chert also contains animal remains, for the most part very small and in a very fragmentary condition, although the fragments themselves are in many cases exceedingly well preserved. The vast majority of these animal remains are evidently Crustacean in character, and it was at first thought (see British Association Report, 1919, p. 110) that they belonged to several, or at least to two, different species. Subsequent work has, however, convinced me that all the Crustacean remains so far seen in the Rhynie Chert belong to the one species described in this paper.

scholarly journals XXXIII.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part V. The Thallophyta occurring in the Peat-Bed; the Succession of the Plants throughout a Vertical Section of the Bed, and the Conditions of Accumulation and Preservation of the Deposit

1921 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
Lower Plants

In this concluding part of the series of papers on the plants preserved in the Rhynie chert-band, various remains of lower plants that occur in the peat will be described, and some general questions concerning the accumulation and preservation of the deposit considered. The paper is divided naturally into the parts enumerated below.1. An account will be given of a number of forms of Fungi which are met with in the decayed remains of the vascular plants, and also in the peaty matrix. The fungal remains are so generally distributed that they can be regarded as forming an integral part of the peat. In connection with them, the question as to whether there is evidence of a mycorrhizal relation between any of the Fungi and the Vascular Cryptogams will be considered.

On some Arthropod Remains from the Rhynie Chert (Old Red Sandstone)

1926 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Hirst ◽  
S. Maulik
Keyword(s):  
Structural Detail ◽  
Camera Lucida ◽  
First Report ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Rhynie Chert

Since writing the first report on the arthropods of the Rhynie Chert beds (see Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), xii, pp. 455–74, 5 pls., and 13 text-figs.) some additional specimens of Palaeocharinus have been collected. A few examples are fairly complete and well preserved, showing a considerable amount of structural detail, such as the chaetotaxy, claws of the legs, ornamentation of the chitin, eyes, etc. An account of the lateral eyes is given below. We also include notes on a supposed insect and another fossil arthropod which we refer with doubt to the aquatic Merostoma. All the illustrations in this little paper have been drawn by Miss Violet Borrow, A.R.C.A., with the aid of a camera lucida under our personal supervision.

Early terrestrial arthropods: a fragmentary record

1985 ◽  
Vol 309 (1138) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Mazon Creek ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Early Land

The earliest unequivocal terrestrial fossils are uppermost Silurian (Přídolí) myriapods, presumed to be pioneer decomposers. Descendants of their marine ancestors may be discernible in the Cambrian lobopod Aysheaia (recently challenged). Known euthycarcinoids are too late except as survivors from such a lobopod ancestry. Unique arthropods are also known from Cambrian and Ordovician lake deposits, but shed no light on origin of terrestrial forms. Among relevant arthropods, only scorpions have a continuous record from Silurian aquatic to Devonian terrestrial records (eurypterids are dealt with elsewhere in this volume). Respiratory organs are unknown in Silurian forms, but at least three types of gills may have existed by the Devonian, arguing for great diversification by then, and possible multiple colonization of the land. Trace fossils suggest some Devonian scorpions were amphibious, while development of a pre-oral tube indicates they were adapted for feeding out of water. Morphology of Silurian forms implies they were aquatic, solid feeders. The presence of Silurian fungivorous microarthropods is indicated by Ludlow faecal pellets containing fungal hyphae. The terrestrial decomposer niche was occupied, and soils therefore in existence, by then. Constant humid microclimates created by early land plants were important in enabling land colonization by arthropods otherwise susceptible to desiccation. Mamayev’s gravitational hypothesis provides an explanation for evolution of hexapody from uniramians clambering up and over early land plants. Plants of the Siegenian Rhynie Chert show pathological features that may indicate terrestrial plant-animal interaction by that time, as do other lines of circumstantial evidence. Energy costs incurred by plants producing anti-herbivore and anti-detritivore defences have therefore probably been significant in ecosystems since the Devonian. Recent major backwards extensions in time of terrestrial arthropods prove that the terrestrial geological record is still poorly sampled. Givetian Gilboa shows that, as with early plants, much can be hoped for from study of cuticle fragments. New finds should be sought in pre-Devonian equivalents of the Carboniferous Mazon Creek delta plain facies.

scholarly journals IX-On a flora, including vascular land plants, associated with Monograptus , in rocks of Silurian age, from Victoria, Australia

1935 ◽  
Vol 224 (517) ◽  
pp. 421-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Jordan River ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
The Town

The earliest vascular or land-plants yet known with certainty from the northern hemisphere are those met with in the Lower Devonian or Lower Old Red Sandstone. The few records from earlier rocks have all been open to doubt, either because the age of the beds was not proved or because the plant-remains were obscure. The object of this paper is to describe some well-preserved plants of Silurian age from Victoria, Australia. Since certainty as to the geological age is essential, the present account is limited to the plants collected in four localities, in all of which they were associated with specimens of Mongraptus , the graptolites being found in the same beds and often on the same slabs of rock as the plants, figs. 51-53, Plate 32. The four localities will be referred to under the following names : (1) Yarra Track.—A quarry for road material on the Yarra track between Wood’s Point and Warburton, about 17 miles from the former place. (2) Alexandra.—Two exposures in mudstone (Geol. Survey, loc. 5 and loc. 9), both by the side of the railway line, near the town of Alexandra. (3) Killingworth Road.—Two exposures (Geol. Survey, loc. 14 and loc. 20) at Yea. (4) Thomson River,—This includes a number of exposures along the valley of the Thomson River, where black beds containing Monograptus have long been known in the Jordan River beds (Baragwanath, 1925). This is the locality in which the stratigraphical succession is described (Skeats, 1928).

XXVI.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part III. Asteroxylon Mackiei, Kidston and Lang

1920 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert

Asteroxylon Mackiei was a plant of more complicated organisation and larger size than either Rhynia or Hornea, which have been described from the silicified peat-bed at Rhynie in the two preceding papers of this series. The generic name refers to the stellate outline of the xylem of the stem as seen in cross section, while the specific name commemorates the original discovery of the plant remains by Dr Mackie.

scholarly journals XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part II. Additional Notes on Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, Kidston and Lang; with Descriptions of Rhynia major, n.sp., and Hornea Lignieri, n.g., n.sp.

1920 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
General Account ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rhynie Chert

In Part I a general account was given of the silicified peat-bed found at Rhynie, and one vascular plant was described in detail under the name of Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani. Further study has shown that there are two species of Rhynia which we now distinguish as Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani and Rhynia major. The account in Part I applies to both these species. Along with them there occurs a plant of similar grade of organisation to Rhynia, though quite distinct from that genus: this we name Hornea Lignieri. Asteroxylon Machiei, on the other hand, which will be described in the next part, was a plant of larger size and much more complex morphology.We are thus now able to establish the existence and main features of four archaic Vascular Cryptogams from the Rhynie bed. In the present paper additional notes on R. Gwynne-Vaughani are given, and R. major and Hornea Lignieri described in detail. In conclusion, the morphological bearings of the facts will be briefly considered.

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