scholarly journals IX-On a flora, including vascular land plants, associated with Monograptus , in rocks of Silurian age, from Victoria, Australia

1935 ◽  
Vol 224 (517) ◽  
pp. 421-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Jordan River ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
The Town

The earliest vascular or land-plants yet known with certainty from the northern hemisphere are those met with in the Lower Devonian or Lower Old Red Sandstone. The few records from earlier rocks have all been open to doubt, either because the age of the beds was not proved or because the plant-remains were obscure. The object of this paper is to describe some well-preserved plants of Silurian age from Victoria, Australia. Since certainty as to the geological age is essential, the present account is limited to the plants collected in four localities, in all of which they were associated with specimens of Mongraptus , the graptolites being found in the same beds and often on the same slabs of rock as the plants, figs. 51-53, Plate 32. The four localities will be referred to under the following names : (1) Yarra Track.—A quarry for road material on the Yarra track between Wood’s Point and Warburton, about 17 miles from the former place. (2) Alexandra.—Two exposures in mudstone (Geol. Survey, loc. 5 and loc. 9), both by the side of the railway line, near the town of Alexandra. (3) Killingworth Road.—Two exposures (Geol. Survey, loc. 14 and loc. 20) at Yea. (4) Thomson River,—This includes a number of exposures along the valley of the Thomson River, where black beds containing Monograptus have long been known in the Jordan River beds (Baragwanath, 1925). This is the locality in which the stratigraphical succession is described (Skeats, 1928).

scholarly journals V. On a new type of crustacean from the old red sandstone (Rhymie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire) — Lepidocaris rhyniensis , gen. et sp. nov

1926 ◽  
Vol 214 (411-420) ◽  
pp. 153-187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
British Association ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One

The Chert Bed of Middle, or possibly Lower, Old Red Sandstone age discovered by Dr. W. Mackie (1914) at Rhynie, in Aberdeenshire, has become famous among palæo-botanists on account of the beautifully preserved remains of the earliest known land plants, described by the late Dr. Kidston and Prof. Lang (1917-1921). In addition to the plants, however, the Rhynie Chert also contains animal remains, for the most part very small and in a very fragmentary condition, although the fragments themselves are in many cases exceedingly well preserved. The vast majority of these animal remains are evidently Crustacean in character, and it was at first thought (see British Association Report, 1919, p. 110) that they belonged to several, or at least to two, different species. Subsequent work has, however, convinced me that all the Crustacean remains so far seen in the Rhynie Chert belong to the one species described in this paper.

scholarly journals IV. On the relation of the reptiliferous sandstone of Elgin to the upper old red sandstone

1886 ◽  
Vol 39 (239-241) ◽  
pp. 394-404
Keyword(s):  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The question of the geological age of the yellow sandstones of the district lying to the north of the city of Elgin has been, as is well known, the subject of very animated discussions among geologists. Some have even gone so far as to assert that the evidence on the question, which has been adduced by palaeontologists, is absolutely incapable of reconciliation with that relied upon by stratigraphists.

The Day after the Pogrom: A Documentary Account

2000 ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Józef Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
Vexed Question ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Town

This chapter assesses the wave of pogroms of 1903–06. The pogrom in Siedlce, which took place in September of 1906, was the last outbreak of the wave of violence which began in Kishinev in April of 1903. The main railway line from Warsaw to Terespol and on to Moscow ran through the town and was responsible for its expansion in the last part of the nineteenth century. It also accounted both for its strategic importance and for the presence there of a significant socialist movement. These factors explain the role of the Russian army, and in particular the Libau regiment, as well as the Monarchist League in organizing the pogrom. Estimates of Jewish casualties range from twenty-three dead to 100 dead and 300 wounded. The chapter highlights an account written in Russian by Józef Bekker, who was a well-known Yiddish journalist. Bekker's account illustrates many aspects of the problems raised by the wave of pogroms of 1903–06, in particular the vexed question of the degree to which this was orchestrated centrally and the role of the army and local tsarist officials in initiating anti-Jewish violence.

XII.—On the Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part IV. Restorations of the Vascular Cryptogams, and discussion of their bearing on the General Morphology of the Pteridophyta and the Origin of the Organisation of Land-Plants. Part V. The Thallophyta occurring in the Peat Bed; the Succession of the Plants throughout a Vertical Section of the Bed, and the Conditions of Accumulation and Preservation of the Deposit

1922 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
Leaf Arrangement

AbstractPART IV.—This paper concludes the authors’ account of the Vascular Cryptogams found in the Rhynie deposit. Restorations of the four plants, Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, R. major, Hornea Lignieri, and Asteroxylon Mackiei, are given. A few additional features, supplementary to the descriptions of these plants in the preceding papers of the series, are described and illustrated. The hemispherical projections of Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani are shown to have originated underneath stomata. A comparison is made between them and certain intumescences in existing plants. Areas of necrosis and marked wound-reactions of the tissues around them are described for both species of Rhynia. The apex of a stem of R. major is figured. For Asteroxylon additional figures are given of a large rhizome, of the leaf-arrangement and immature structure of the stem in the region of a shoot-apex, and of the longitudinal markings on the epidermal cells resembling those found in Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani. The discussion summarises the authors’ views on the main bearings of the facts described in Parts 1–4 on various problems in plant morphology.PART V.—The Thallophyta occurring in the peat bed; the succession of the plants throughout a vertical section of the bed, and the conditions of accumulation and preservation of the deposit.

Age of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa and early land plant evolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gray ◽  
J. N. Theron ◽  
A. J. Boucot
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Land Plant Evolution ◽  
Early Land

AbstractThe first occurrence of Early Paleozoic land plants is reported from South Africa. The plant remains are small, compact tetrahedral spore tetrads. They occur abundantly in the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, Table Mountain Group. Marine? phytoplankton (sphaeromorphs or leiospheres) occur with the spore tetrads in all samples. Rare chitinozoans are found in half the samples. Together with similar spore tetrads from the Paraná Basin (Gray et al. 1985) these are the first well-documented records of Ashgill and/or earlier Llandovery land plants from the Malvinokaffric Realm, and from the African continent south of Libya. These spore tetrads have botanical, evolutionary, and biogeographic significance. Their size in comparison with spore tetrads from stratigraphic sections throughout eastern North America, suggests that an earliest Llandovery age is more probable for the Soom Shale Member, although a latest Ordovician age cannot be discounted. The age of the brachiopods in the overlying Disa Siltstone Member has been in contention for over a decade. Both Ashgillian and Early Llandovery ages have been proposed. The age of the underlying Soom Shale Member based on plant spores and trilobites (earliest Llandovery or latest Ashgillian) suggests that the Disa Siltstone Member is also likely to be of Early Llandovery age, although the distance between the Soom Shale Member spore-bearing locality and rocks to the south yielding abundant invertebrate body fossils at one locality is great enough to permit diachroneity.

Lower Devonian plant and spore assemblages from Lower Old Red Sandstone strata of Tredomen Quarry, South Wales

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Morris ◽  
John B. Richardson ◽  
Dianne Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
South Wales

Tentaculites (Tentaculitoidea) from the Manlius Limestone (Lower Devonian) at Schoharie, New York

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-368
Author(s):  
Richard H. Lindemann ◽  
David A. Melycher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Material ◽  
The Town

Echinus gyracanthus Eaton, 1832, was the first tentaculitid reported from North America, but the original description and illustration are vague by present-day standards. Study of the type material and topotypes from the Lower Devonian Manlius Limestone in the Town of Schoharie, New York, suggests that Tentaculites gyracanthus (Eaton) is a discrete species, but one with pronounced and remarkable intraspecific variability. Tentaculites simmondsi new species also occurs in the same unit and locality.

Remarks on the distribution of Minerals in North Devon

1877 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
Townshend M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Regular Sequence ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Similar Series ◽  
The One ◽  
The Town

The district to which the following notes refer is contained in sheets 26 and 27 of the one inch Ordnance Survey Maps, and embraces an area of about 985 square miles, the northern boundary being formed by the Bristol channel, and that on the south by a line drawn through the town of Okehampton. The rocks composing this district belong to the Devonian and Carboniferous systems, with the exception of a small portion of new red sandstone and a patch of Greensand, occupying a few acres. The two older systems present a regular sequence of beds from north to south, which, interrupted by the granite of Dartmoor, are represented to a greater or less extent by a similar series in the southern portion of the county.

Devonian

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bluck ◽  
J. C. W. Cope ◽  
C. T. Scrutton
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Quaternary System ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Stratotype Section ◽  
Lacustrine Facies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractThe Devonian System was the first pre-Quaternary system to have its base established at an internationally ratified Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The base of the System was defined at the base of the Monograptus uniformis Biozone at Klonk in Czechoslovakia (McLaren 1977). The upper boundary of the System is fixed by the base of the Carboniferous, which has been recently ratified in a GSSP at La Serre, Herault, France, at a point coincident with the first appearance of the conodont Siphonodella sulcata.Series. GSSPs have now been designated to define the bases of the Middle and Upper Devonian Series (that of the Lower Devonian being automatically defined by the System boundary).Stages. Consequent upon the selection of a Czech type section for the basal boundary stratotype of the System, the Germanic stages for the lowest parts of the Devonian were no longer appropriate and Lochkovian and Pragian stages have now been formally defined with stratotypes ratified by the I.U.G.S.Devon, the nomenclatorial type locality for the Devonian System (Sedgwick & Murchison 1839) is a region of great tectonic complexity and has not provided suitable sections on which to base international correlations. However, the rocks are frequently richly fossilferous and firm correlations can now be established with the intensively studied developments of the Devonian in Belgium and Germany.Northwards from Devon are found large tracts of the predominantly fluviatile and lacustrine facies which characterizes the Old Red Sandstone. Correlation between the marine Devonian rocks of southwest England and the

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