Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

scholarly journals Morphology and thickness of the diffusion of resin through demineralized or unconditioned dentinal matrix

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Galvão Arrais ◽  
Marcelo Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive System ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
The One ◽  
Bonding Systems

The formation of a hybrid layer is the main bonding mechanism of current dentin-bonding systems. This study evaluated the morphology and thickness of the resin-infiltrated dentinal layer after the application of adhesive systems. The dentin-bonding agents were evaluated on flat dentinal preparations confected on the occlusal surfaces of human teeth. The test specimens were prepared and inspected under scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of X 2,000. The adhesive systems were responsible for different hybrid layer thicknesses (p < 0.05), and the mean values were: for Scotchbond MP Plus (SM), 7.41 ± 1.24mum; for Single Bond (SB), 5.55 ± 0.82mum; for Etch & Prime 3.0 (EP), 3.86 ± 1.17mum; and for Clearfil SE Bond (CB), 1.22 ± 0.45mum. The results suggest that the conventional three-step adhesive system (SM) was responsible for the thickest hybrid layer, followed by the one-bottle adhesive (SB). The self-etching adhesives, EP and CB, produced the formation of the thinnest hybrid layers.

scholarly journals Adhesion of Two Bonding Systems to Air-Abraded or Bur-Abraded Human Enamel Surfaces

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Sengun ◽  
Hasan Orucoglu ◽  
Ilknur Ipekdal ◽  
Fusun Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Bonding Systems

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether mechanical alteration of the enamel surfaces with air abrasion and bur abrasion techniques could enhance the bonding performance of a three step and a self etching adhesive resin systems to enamel.Methods: 126 extracted lower human incisor teeth were used. The teeth were divided into three groups including 40 teeth each. First group; teeth were used as control and no preparation was made on enamel surfaces, 2nd group; outer enamel surfaces were air abraded, 3rd group; outer enamel surfaces were abraded mechanically with a diamond fissure bur. Cylinder composite resin blocks were bonded to the buccal enamel surfaces with two bonding systems (20 specimens in each group). Bond strengths to enamel surfaces were measured at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan Tests. To examine interface composite resin/enamel surfaces at scanning electron microscopy, remaining 6 teeth were used. Fracture analysis was performed using an optical stereomicroscope.Results: Bond strengths values of Solid Bond were significantly higher than bond strengths of Clearfil SE Bond for all types of enamel (P<.05). Shear bond strength values obtained with Solid Bond (three step system) to three types of enamel surfaces [air-abraded (30.25±7.00 MPa), bur-abraded (29.07±3.53 MPa), control (31.74±7.35 MPa)] were close to each other (P>.05). The macroscopic mode of failures for bonding systems, SB and SE Bond appeared to be adhesive and cohesive in nature.Conclusions: In order to get better bond strength values with self etching systems, it is advisable to prepare enamel surfaces with bur or air abrasion, but it enamel preparation is not necessary for three step systems. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:167-175)

Comparison of in vivo vs. in vitro Bonding of Composite Resin to the Dentin of Canine Teeth

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Pashley ◽  
L. Tao ◽  
J.R. Mackert ◽  
D.H. Pashlety
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Dentin Bonding Agents ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Made In

Dogs were utilized in a study to compare the bond strengths of dentin bonding agents made to dentin in vivo and then again in vitro in the same teeth 30 min, one day, one week, and one month post-extraction. No statistically significant differences were observed between bonds made in vivo and those made in vitro at any time period. Contamination of the dentin surfaces with blood or saliva lowered the bond strengths, but these could be restored to control values by re-surfacing of the dentin with a bur.

scholarly journals In vitro Bond Strengths and SEM Evaluation of Dentin Bonding Systems to Different Dentin Substrates

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Perdigao ◽  
E.J. Swift ◽  
G.E. Denehy ◽  
J.S. Wefel ◽  
K.J. Donly
Keyword(s):  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Bonding Systems

Bond strengths to superficial, intermediate and deep dentin in vivo with four dentin bonding systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Pashley ◽  
L. Tao ◽  
W.G. Matthews ◽  
D.H. Pashley
Keyword(s):  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Bonding Systems

Applications of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy to Dental Bonding

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pioch ◽  
S. Stotz ◽  
H.J. Staehle ◽  
H. Duschner
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Bonding Systems

The introduction of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has provided a valuable new technique for the visualization of bonding structures such as a hybrid layer in dentin (Watson, 1989, 1991), In the case of seven commercially-available dentin bonding systems, it could be demonstrated that the CLSM renders considerably more detailed information than the SEM because of its nondestructive nature and because of the possibility of a distinction between components of bonding agents. With most of the bonding systems, measurements of the thickness of the hybrid layer could be carried out when the primer component was labeled with rhodamine B. It was found that this thickness is significantly increased by increases in etching time and only slightly decreased by increases in the drying time of the dentin and of the primer. When rhodamine B was used for dye penetration tests on four different dentin bonding systems, a leakage within the demineralized zone in the dentin was found in each of the specimens. This structure appears similar to that which Sano et al. (1995) called "nanoleakage". The amount of nanoleakage could not be measured by this method. In the case of enamel or ceramic bonding, a penetration zone was found which corresponded to the etching patterns found in enamel and ceramics, respectively. We conclude that CLSM can offer a wealth of new information about bonding morphology and, therefore, should be used in addition to conventional methods so that the maximum information can be obtained.

A Comprehensive Laboratory Screening of Three-Step Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Loguercio ◽  
I Luque-Martinez ◽  
MA Muñoz ◽  
AL Szesz ◽  
J Cuadros-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Bond Strengths

SUMMARY Objectives This study evaluated several bonding (microtensile bond strengths [μTBS], nanoleakage [NL], and in situ degree of conversion [ISDC] on dentin) and mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength [UTS], degree of conversion [DC], water sorption [WS], and solubility [SL] in water) of four three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in the short term. Methods A total of 28 molars were used in this study. The dentin surfaces were bonded with the following adhesives: All-Bond 3 (ALB3); Fusion Duralink (FSDL); Optibond FL (OBFL), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP). After each adhesive-system application, composite resin build-ups were added. For bonding tests, specimens were sectioned in order to obtain bonded sticks. The sticks were divided to be tested for μTBS (0.5 mm/min), for NL (n=2), and ISDC (n=2). For NL, they were immersed in 50% silver nitrate and analyzed by scanning election microscopy. For ISDC, the hybrid layer was evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. An hourglass-shaped matrix (UTS) or disk-shaped matrix (WS and SL) was filled with primer and adhesive (1:1 ratio) and light-polymerized. For UTS evaluation, the specimens were tested under tension. For WS and SL, specimens were desiccated and stored in distilled water to evaluate water diffusion kinetics over a 28-day period. The DC of the adhesives was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The data from each test were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Results OBFL resulted in the highest μTBS, lower NL, higher ISDC and DC, and higher UTS than other adhesives (p&lt;0.05), as well as lower WS (similar to ALB3 and FSDL) and SL (similar to ALB3 and SBMP) (p&gt;0.05). ALB3 showed a higher NL and the lowest DC value. FSDL showed the highest NL and SL and the lowest ISDC. SBMP showed the lowest pattern of WS (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion OBFL showed the best results in all the properties evaluated, and it can be considered the gold standard of the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.

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