Perspectives on Glyphosate Resistance

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Bradshaw ◽  
Stephen R. Padgette ◽  
Steven L. Kimball ◽  
Barbara H. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Observation Selection ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The lack of evolution of weed resistance to the herbicide glyphosate has been considered from several perspectives. Few plant species are inherently resistant to glyphosate. Furthermore, the long history of extensive use of the herbicide has resulted in no verified instances of weeds evolving resistance under field situations. Unique properties of glyphosate such as its mode of action, metabolism, chemical structure and lack of residual activity in soil may explain this observation. Selection for glyphosate resistance of crops using intense whole plant and cell/tissue culture techniques, including mutagenesis, has had only limited success and is unlikely to be duplicated under normal field conditions. Information obtained in the development of glyphosate-resistant crops suggests that target-site alterations that decrease the herbicidal activity of glyphosate also may lead to reduced survival of a weed. In addition, the complex manipulations that were required for the development of glyphosate-resistant crops are unlikely to be duplicated in nature to evolve glyphosate-resistant weeds.

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

Cytogenetic Analysis of 39 Prostate Carcinomas and Evaluation of Short Term Tissue Culture Techniques

1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée J König ◽  
Wilma Teubel ◽  
Eric Kamst ◽  
Johannes C Romijn ◽  
Fritz H Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Prostate Carcinomas ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

POTENTIAL USE OF Coronopus didymus (L.) SM. IN PARTHENIUM MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Alien Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Potential Use

This study aimed to assess a brassicaceous weed Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. as a source of potential natural herbicides for management of an alien weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Initially, the effect of aqueous leaf, stem, root and flower extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0%) of the weed was checked on germination and growth of the target weed. Leaf and stem extracts showed the best herbicidal activity and a 2.5% extract of the each plant part completely inhibited germination of parthenium seeds. The lowest extract concentration (0.5%) of leaf and stem reduced germination by 56 and 46%, shoot length by 43 and 12%, root length by 59 and 62%, and biomass of whole plant by 44 and 15%, respectively. Root and flower extracts were less herbicidal and reduced parthenium germination by 23–52% and 33–56%, respectively. In a pot experiment, soil was incorporated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.10, 1.2% (w/w) crushed dry biomass of C. didymus, parthenium seeds were sown after one week and the effect of amendment on germination and plant growth was recorded after 45 days of sowing. All the doses of soil amendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A 1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal potential for control of parthenium.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA (KELEMPAYAN) TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIALS FOR COMMERCIAL PLANTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A. Rahman ◽  
Norwati Muhammad ◽  
Nor Hasnida Hassan ◽  
Haliza Ismail ◽  
Nazirah Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Commercial Plantation ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Neolamarckia cadamba (kelempayan) is a multipurpose and fast growing timber species. The tree is grown for timber, paper-making and as ornamental plant. It is reported that its barks and leaves possesed medicinal values and its flowers are used in perfumes. The species is also known to be suitable for plywood, packing case, toys and short-fibred pulp. Therefore, mass production of high quality planting material of N. cadamba is important to support plantation program of this species. Here we presented mass production of N. cadamba through tissue culture techniques. Nodal segments derived from in vitro germinated seeds were used and induced direct organogenesis to produce shoots and roots using MS media (1962) and plant growth regulators (BAP and IBA) that are relatively cheaper than previously used methods. The tissue culture technique of N. cadamba developed may help in ensuring supply of planting materials that are feasible for commercial plantation purposes.

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