Antagonism by modafinil of the psychomotor and cognitive impairment induced by sleep-deprivation in 12 healthy volunteers

SummaryModafinil is a new psychotropic compound with central α1, adrenergic-stimulant activity in animals. In the present study, its pharmacological activity in man was evaluated in the sleep-deprivation induced psychomotor and cognitive impairment paradigm. This was a double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 12 healthy volunteers. Standard psychomotor and memory tasks were used, including critical flicker fusion frequency determination (CFF), choice reaction time and short- and long-term memory evaluation. Results revealed a clear antagonism by modafinil of the psychomotor and cognitive impairment induced by sleep-deprivation in most tasks 6 h after drug administration, and marginal effects 18 h after. These results therefore support a psychostimulant activity of modafinil in man.

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Short- and long-term hemodynamic response to octreotide in portal hypertensive patients: a double-blind, controlled study

Liver International ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0676.1996.tb00733.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 225-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. Zironi ◽

C. Rossi ◽

S. Siringo ◽

C. Galaverni ◽

S. Gaiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hemodynamic Response ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Short And Long Term

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Sleep Deprivation Aggravates Cognitive Impairment by the Alteration of Hippocampal Neuronal Activity and the Density of Dendritic Spine in Isoflurane-Exposed Mice

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2020.589176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Zhang ◽

Naqi Lian ◽

Ran Ding ◽

Cunle Guo ◽

Xi Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Dendritic Spines ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

General Anesthetic ◽

Term Memory

Isoflurane contributes to cognitive deficits when used as a general anesthetic, and so does sleep deprivation (SD). Patients usually suffer from insomnia before an operation due to anxiety, fear, and other factors. It remains unclear whether preoperative SD exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane. In this study, we observed the effects of pretreated 24-h SD in adult isoflurane-exposed mice on the cognitive behaviors, the Ca2+ signals of dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) neurons in vivo with fiber photometry, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. Our results showed that in cognitive behavior tasks, short-term memory damages were more severe with SD followed by isoflurane exposure than that with SD or isoflurane exposure separately, and interestingly, severe long-term memory deficits were induced only by SD followed by isoflurane exposure. Only the treatment of SD followed by isoflurane exposure could reversibly decrease the amplitude of Ca2+ signals when mice were freely moving and increase the duration of Ca2+ signals during the long-term memory behavior test. The density of dendritic spines with both SD and isoflurane exposure was lower than that with SD alone. This study suggests that SD should be avoided preoperatively in patients undergoing elective surgery under isoflurane anesthesia.

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Effect of oral supplementation with enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) on cognitive function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v10i4.700 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Ryo Kakutani

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Visual Discrimination ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Double Blind ◽

Term Memory ◽

Double Blind Placebo

Background: There is a well-established correlation between aging and decreasing cognitive performance in healthy adults. Furthermore, with increasing levels of stress in modern societies, cognitive decline is a growing concern. With our focus on these concens, we prepared enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) from starch, and aimed to examine whether ESG supplementation improved cognitive functions in humans.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, 40 healthy participants were administered 5.0 g of ESG or maltodextrin (placebo) beverages for 4 weeks, respectively. A washout period of 4 to 5 weeks was set between treatments. The primary endpoint was the effect of orally administered ESG on cognitive function, which was assessed by using the CogHealth test battery. In addition, the fatigue VAS (visual analog scale) score and salivary levels of anti-fatigue factors (such as cortisol and secretory IgA) were determined.Results: Two participants dropped out for personal reasons, therefore data for the remaining 38 subjects was analyzed. It was found that visual discrimination and long-term memory were significantly potentiated by the ingestion of ESG for 2-4 weeks compared with placebo treatment. On the other hand, the fatigue VAS score and salivary levels of anti-fatigue factors showed no significant differences between the ESG group and the placebo group.Conclusions: Our study shows that oral administration of ESG significantly potentiates the cognitive performance of healthy volunteers. We speculate that glycogen is not only a vital energy source, but is also involved in enhancement of cognitive function. Keywords: Glycogen, ESG, cognitive performance, CogHealth, long-term memory, visual discrimination.

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