scholarly journals Respiratory tract infections due toBranhamella catarrhalis: epidemiological data from Western Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina DiGiovanni ◽  
Thomas V. Riley ◽  
Gerard F. Hoyne ◽  
Rebecca Yeo ◽  
Patricia Cooksey
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Branhamella Catarrhalis

SUMMARYDuring a 3-year periodBranhamella catarrhaliswas isolated in significant numbers from 239 (1·3%) of 19488 specimens of sputum sent for routine microbiological examination at a 700-bed general hospital. The majority of patients (83%) were over 60 years of age and 65% were male. There was a distinet seasonal variation in isolations with a peak incidence during the winter and early spring, a pattern not found with other pathogens. Susceptibility to amoxycillin decreased by approximately 50% over the 3 years, corresponding to an increased incidence of beta-lactamase-producing strains. There were minimal changes in susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents. Underlying pulmonary disease was the major factor predisposing toB. catarrhalisinfection, and 71% of patients were smokers or ex-smokers.

The Role of Bacterial Interference in Otitis, Sinusitis and Tonsillitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Interference

Bacterial interactions that include antagonism (interference) and synergism help maintain balance between the members of the normal endogenous flora. Alpha-streptococci that predominate in the normal respiratory tract flora attracted most attention in studies of bacterial interference. Other organisms that possess interfering characteristics in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are nonhemolytic streptococci, and Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus spp. The production of bacteriocins by some microorganisms is one of the important mechanisms of interference. The role of bacterial interference in the development of URTI and its effect on the eradication of these infections is discussed. These infections include pharyngo-tonsillitis, otitis media, and sinusitis. Treatment with various antimicrobial agents can affect the balance between members of the oro-pharyngeal bacterial flora and interfering organisms. Implantation into the indigenous microflora of low virulence bacterial strains that are potentially capable of interfering with colonization and infection with other more virulent organisms has been used in preliminary studies as a means of coping with the failure of antimicrobials in the treatment of several URTI.

scholarly journals Decreasing Prevalence of β-Lactamase Production among Respiratory Tract Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2561-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris P. Heilmann ◽  
Cassie L. Rice ◽  
Ashley L. Miller ◽  
Norma J. Miller ◽  
Susan E. Beekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT A total of 986 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from patients with respiratory tract infections in 45 United States medical centers were characterized during the winter of 2002-2003. β-Lactamase production was noted with 26.2% of isolates; 14.6% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to other relevant antimicrobial agents was extremely uncommon. In comparison to the results of four previous national surveys conducted since 1994, the prevalence of β-lactamase production with this pathogen appears to be decreasing.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated From Cats and Dogs From the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Li ◽  
Rubén Fernández ◽  
Inma Durán ◽  
Rafael A. Molina-López ◽  
Laila Darwich
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Private Laboratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Pet animals are assumed to be potential reservoirs in transferring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to humans due to the extensively applied broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and their close contact with humans. In this study, microbiological data and antimicrobial susceptibility results of dog (n = 5,086) and cat (n = 789) clinical samples from a private Laboratory of Diagnosis in Barcelona were analyzed. Samples came from different counties of the Iberian Peninsula during 2016–2018. In dogs, clinical samples were most commonly from otitis, and in cats from wounds, respiratory tract infections and conjunctivitis. In both pet groups, Staphylococcus spp. (31% in dogs vs 30% in cats), Streptococcus spp. (19% vs 17%), Pseudomonas spp. (16% vs 10%), Escherichia coli (8% vs 5.6%), and Enterococcus spp. (5.5% vs 6.8%) were shown as the most predominant bacteria. However, higher frequencies of P. aeruginosa, P. canis, and S. pseudintermedius were found in dogs, while S. aureus and P. multocida were more prevalent in cats. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. presented the highest levels of AMR in both dogs and cats. Within the Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli showed low levels of AMR compared to Klebsiella, Proteus, or Enterobacter spp. Respiratory tract infections caused by K. pneumoniae presented higher AMR in cats. By contrast, Pasteurella isolates from the respiratory tract were highly sensitive to all the antimicrobials in cats and dogs. Data from this study could be used to guide empirical antimicrobial selection in companion animal veterinary practices in the Iberian Peninsula.

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