Calling all Campy – how routine investigation and molecular characterization impacts the understanding of campylobacteriosis epidemiology – Alaska, United States, 2004–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. CASTRODALE ◽  
G. M. PROVO ◽  
C. M. XAVIER ◽  
J. B. McLAUGHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
The Public

SUMMARYUnlike most jurisdictions in the United States, Alaska performs pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of all Campylobacter sp. isolates at the state public health laboratory – a practice that started in 2002. Moreover, in order to ensure early detection and response to campylobacteriosis outbreaks, the Alaska Section of Epidemiology has investigated all incident Campylobacter sp. case reports since 2004. This report summarizes the public health impact of routine incident case investigations and molecular characterization of all Campylobacter sp. isolates. In sum, we found that these efforts have contributed to better characterization of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in Alaska, and facilitated more rapid outbreak detection, more public health investigations, and earlier public health interventions.

scholarly journals The Public Health Impact of Parent-Reported Childhood Food Allergies in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. e20181235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi S. Gupta ◽  
Christopher M. Warren ◽  
Bridget M. Smith ◽  
Jesse A. Blumenstock ◽  
Jialing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
The Public

Limited Liability and the Public's Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Stephen P. Teret
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Corporations, through their products and behaviors, exert a strong effect on the wellbeing of populations. Public health practitioners and academics have long recognized the harms associated with some corporations’ products. For example, firearms are associated with approximately 30,000 deaths in the United States each year1 and over 200,000 deaths globally. Motor vehicles are associated with about 40,000 deaths in the United States each year and over 1.2 million deaths globally. Tobacco products kill about 438,000 people each year in the United States5 and about 4.9 million people worldwide. In addition to producing unsafe or harmful products, some corporations behave in ways that negatively impact the public’s health, such as marketing alcohol to youth and other vulnerable populations. Given these observations, one can conclude that it is possible to quantify the public health impact of individual industries, such as firearms, motor vehicles, tobacco, and alcohol. Health professionals can then target these individual industries to prevent or lessen the harms they cause.

scholarly journals The Application of a Decision-Theoretic Model to Estimate the Public Health Impact of Vaporized Nicotine Product Initiation in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Levy ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
Andrea C. Villanti ◽  
Raymond Niaura ◽  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Face Coverings in Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Olukayode James Ayodeji ◽  
Seshadri Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. Many prevalent measures have been taken to prevent its spread and protect the public. However, the use of face coverings as an effective preventive measure remains contentious. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of face coverings as a protective measure. We examined the effectiveness of face coverings between 1 April and 31 December 2020. This was accomplished by analyzing trends of daily new COVID-19 cases, cumulative confirmed cases, and cases per 100,000 people in different U.S. states, including the District of Columbia. The results indicated a sharp change in trends after face covering mandates. For the 32 states with face covering mandates, 63% and 66% exhibited a downward trend in confirmed cases within 21 and 28 days of implementation, respectively. We estimated that face covering mandates in the 32 states prevented approximately 78,571 and 109,703 cases within 21- and 28-day periods post face covering mandate, respectively. A statistically significant (p = 0.001) negative correlation (−0.54) was observed between the rate of cases and days since the adoption of a face covering mandate. We concluded that the use of face coverings can provide necessary protection if they are properly used.

scholarly journals Public health impact of accelerated immunization against rotavirus infection among children aged less than 6 months in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2032-2038
Author(s):  
Derek Weycker ◽  
Mark Andrew Atwood ◽  
Baudouin Standaert ◽  
Girishanthy Krishnarajah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Rotavirus Infection

Will Routine Annual Influenza Prevention and Control Systems Serve the United States Well in a Pandemic?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. S160-S165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne S. Ringel ◽  
Melinda Moore ◽  
John Zambrano ◽  
Nicole Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Influenza Prevention ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the extent to which the systems in place for prevention and control of routine annual influenza could provide the information and experience needed to manage a pandemic.Methods: The authors conducted a qualitative assessment based on key informant interviews and the review of relevant documents.Results: Although there are a number of systems in place that would likely serve the United States well in a pandemic, much of the information and experience needed to manage a pandemic optimally is not available.Conclusions: Systems in place for routine annual influenza prevention and control are necessary but not sufficient for managing a pandemic, nor are they used to their full potential for pandemic preparedness. Pandemic preparedness can be strengthened by building more explicitly upon routine influenza activities and the public health system’s response to the unique challenges that arise each influenza season (eg, vaccine supply issues, higher than normal rates of influenza-related deaths). (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 2):S160–S165)

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