scholarly journals Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus among hemodialysis patients in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic syntheses, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (15) ◽  
pp. 3243-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HARFOUCHE ◽  
H. CHEMAITELLY ◽  
S. MAHMUD ◽  
K. CHAABNA ◽  
S. P. KOUYOUMJIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Hcv Prevalence ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Meta Analyses

SUMMARYWe aimed to investigate hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology among hemodialysis (HD) patients in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Our data source was an HCV biological measures database populated through systematic literature searches. Descriptive epidemiologic syntheses, effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions, and genotype analyses were conducted. We analyzed 289 studies, including 106 463 HD patients. HCV incidence ranged between 0 and 100% as seroconversion risk, and between 0 and 14·7 per 1000 person-years as incidence rate. The regional pooled mean estimate was 29·2% (95% CI: 25·6–32·8%) for HCV antibody positive prevalence and 63·0% (95% CI: 55·4–70·3%) for the viremic rate. Region within MENA, country income group, and year of data collection were associated with HCV prevalence; year of data collection adjusted odds ratio was 0·92 (95% CI: 0·90–0·95). Genotype diversity varied across countries with four genotypes documented regionally: genotype 1 (39·3%), genotype 2 (5·7%), genotype 3 (29·6%), and genotype 4 (25·4%). Our findings showed that one-third of HD patients are HCV antibody positive and one-fifth are chronic carriers and can transmit the infection. However, HCV prevalence is declining. In context of growing HD patient population and increasing HCV treatment availability, it is critical to improve standards of infection control in dialysis and expand treatment coverage.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus viremic rate in the Middle East and North Africa: Systematic synthesis, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0187177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manale Harfouche ◽  
Hiam Chemaitelly ◽  
Silva P. Kouyoumjian ◽  
Sarwat Mahmud ◽  
Karima Chaabna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Systematic Synthesis

scholarly journals Key associations for hepatitis C virus genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat Mahmud ◽  
Hiam S. Chemaitelly ◽  
Silva P. Kouyoumjian ◽  
Zaina Al Kanaani ◽  
Laith J. Abu‐Raddad
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 in Tunisia, North Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0153761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Rajhi ◽  
Kais Ghedira ◽  
Anissa Chouikha ◽  
Ahlem Djebbi ◽  
Imed Cheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa: Distribution, diversity, and patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat Mahmud ◽  
Zaina Al-Kanaani ◽  
Hiam Chemaitelly ◽  
Karima Chaabna ◽  
Silva P. Kouyoumjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

scholarly journals Chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Is there a correlation between HCV genotypes and the level of viremia?

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Delic ◽  
Zorica Nesic ◽  
Jasmina Simonovic ◽  
Neda Svirtlih ◽  
Ljubisa Dokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Introduction. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA status and HCV genotypes have become extremely important for exact diagnosis, prognosis, duration of treatment and monitoring of antiviral therapy of chronic HCV infection. Material and methods. For the purpose of precise and objective assessment of virologic analyses, such as the determination of the number of virus copies and virus genotypes, 110 patients with chronic HCV infection were tested. Genotyping of HCV isolates and HCV RNA quantification were performed by using the PCR method. Genotype lb infection was verified in 49.1% of patients, genotype 3a infection was found in 28.2%, genotype 4 in 9.1%, genotype 2 in 4.5%, while mixed genotype infections were diagnosed in 9.1% of cases. Results. Patients infected by genotype lb had significantly higher serum HCV RNA level in relation to patients infected by other genotypes (p<0.05). Over 70% of patients infected by genotype lb had more than 2xl06 virus copies in 1 ml of blood, while in genotypes 2, 3a and 4, the percentage was 40%, 38.5% and 30%, respectively. Male patients had approximately 7.7x10.6 virus copies in 1 ml of blood, which was significantly higher in comparison with female patients (2.3xl06 copies/ml; p<0.05). Conclusion. Our results are in concordance with the results of other authors reporting that genotype lb is predominant in Europe, as well as significantly higher incidence of viremia in patients with genotype lb infection in relation to other HCV genotypes. Based on these results, we can conclude that our patients, most commonly, present with severe clinical course of chronic HCV infection and require longer treatment (48 weeks), which causes economic problems. .

scholarly journals Predominance of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection and rapid transmission between 1935 and 1965 in the Central African Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2452-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Njouom ◽  
Eric Frost ◽  
Sylvie Deslandes ◽  
Fleurie Mamadou-Yaya ◽  
Annie-Claude Labbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Genotype 2

The molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Central African Republic (CAR) is poorly documented. Thus, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of NS5B gene sequences from 58 HCV-infected inhabitants of a remote area of south-west CAR, which indicated that 48 (82.8 %) were infected with genotype 4 (HCV-4), five (8.6 %) with genotype 2 and five (8.6 %) with genotype 1. HCV-4 strains were highly heterogeneous, containing previously described subtypes 4k (48 %), 4c (27 %), 4r (4 %), 4f (4 %) and unclassified subtypes (17 %). To estimate the epidemic history of these HCV-4 strains, an evolutionary analysis using the coalescent approach was used. The estimated date of the most recent common ancestor of the CAR HCV-4 strains was 1539 (95 % confidence intervals, 1317–1697). They exhibited a rapid, exponential spread from 1935 to 1965, simultaneously with what was recently reported in neighbouring Cameroon and Gabon. The hypothesis of a massive iatrogenic transmission during interventions for the control of endemic tropical diseases is discussed.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus in North Africa: An Emerging Threat

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Daw ◽  
Abdallah El-Bouzedi ◽  
Mohamed O. Ahmed ◽  
Aghnyia A. Dau ◽  
Mohamed M. Agnan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Context Specific

Hepatitis C virus is a major public health threat associated with serious clinical consequences worldwide. North Africa is a unique region composed of seven countries that vary considerably in the predisposing factors to microbial diseases both historically and at the present time. The dynamics of HCV in the region are not well documented. The data are both limited and controversial in most of the countries in the region. In North Africa, the epidemiology of HCV is disparate and understanding it has been hampered by regional “epidemiological homogeneity” concepts. As the dynamics of HCV vary from country to country, context-specific research is needed. In this review, we assess studies performed in each country in the general populations as well as among blood donors and groups exposed to the HCV infection. The reported prevalence of HCV ranges from 0.6% to 8.4% in the Maghreb countries and is predominated by genotype 1. In the Nile valley region, it ranges from 2.2% to 18.9% and is dominated by genotype 4. In North African countries, HCV seems to be a serious problem that is driven by different vectors even in different geographical locations within the same country. Efforts should be combined at both the national and regional levels to implement efficient preventive and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Substitutions at NS3 Residue 155, 156, or 168 of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 2 to 6 Induce Complex Patterns of Protease Inhibitor Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7426-7436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne B. Jensen ◽  
Stéphanie B. N. Serre ◽  
Daryl G. Humes ◽  
Santseharay Ramirez ◽  
Yi-Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTVarious protease inhibitors (PIs) currently are becoming available for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). For genotype 1, substitutions at NS3 protease positions 155, 156, and 168 are the main determinants of PI resistance. For other genotypes, similar substitutions were selected during PI treatment but were not characterized systematically. To elucidate the impact of key PI resistance substitutions on genotypes 2 to 6, we engineered the substitutions R155A/E/G/H/K/Q/T, A156G/S/T/V, and D/Q168A/E/G/H/N/V into HCV recombinants expressing genotype 2 to 6 proteases. We evaluated viral fitness and sensitivity to nine PIs (telaprevir, boceprevir, simeprevir, asunaprevir, vaniprevir, faldaprevir, paritaprevir, deldeprevir, and grazoprevir) in Huh7.5 cells. We found that most variants showed decreased fitness compared to that of the original viruses. Overall, R155K, A156G/S, and D/Q168A/E/H/N/V variants showed the highest fitness; however, genotype 4 position 168 variants showed strong fitness impairment. Most variants tested were resistant to several PIs. Resistance levels varied significantly depending on the specific substitution, genotype, and PI. For telaprevir and boceprevir, specific 155 and 156, but not 168, variants proved resistant. For the remaining PIs, most genotype 2, 4, 5, and 6, but not genotype 3, variants showed various resistance levels. Overall, grazoprevir (MK-5172) had the highest efficacy against original viruses and variants. This is the first comprehensive study revealing the impact of described key PI resistance substitutions on fitness and PI resistance of HCV genotypes 2 to 6. In conclusion, the studied substitutions induced resistance to a panel of clinically relevant PIs, including the newer PIs paritaprevir, deldeprevir, and grazoprevir. We discovered complex patterns of resistance, with the impact of substitutions varying from increased sensitivity to high resistance.

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