scholarly journals Trait neuroticism and emotion neurocircuitry: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a failure in emotion regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav H. Silverman ◽  
Sylia Wilson ◽  
Ian S. Ramsay ◽  
Ruskin H. Hunt ◽  
Kathleen M. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Neural Markers ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThough theory suggests that individual differences in neuroticism (a tendency to experience negative emotions) would be associated with altered functioning of the amygdala (which has been linked with emotionality and emotion dysregulation in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood), results of functional neuroimaging studies have been contradictory and inconclusive. We aimed to clarify the relationship between neuroticism and three hypothesized neural markers derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging during negative emotion face processing: amygdala activation, amygdala habituation, and amygdala-prefrontal connectivity, each of which plays an important role in the experience and regulation of emotions. We used general linear models to examine the relationship between trait neuroticism and the hypothesized neural markers in a large sample of over 500 young adults. Although neuroticism was not significantly associated with magnitude of amygdala activation or amygdala habituation, it was associated with amygdala–ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity, which has been implicated in emotion regulation. Results suggest that trait neuroticism may represent a failure in top-down control and regulation of emotional reactions, rather than overactive emotion generation processes, per se. These findings suggest that neuroticism, which has been associated with increased rates of transdiagnostic psychopathology, may represent a failure in the inhibitory neurocircuitry associated with emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Different Neural Correlates of Automatic Emotion Regulation at Implicit and Explicit Perceptual Level: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

i-Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951983102
Author(s):  
Yu Xie ◽  
Zhiguo Hu ◽  
Weina Ma ◽  
Biao Sang ◽  
Mian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Automatic emotion regulation (AER) is an important type of emotion regulation in our daily life. Most of the previous studies concerning AER are done in the conscious level. Little is known about the AER under the subliminal level. The present study was to investigate the AER at the different perceptual levels (i.e., explicitly and implicitly) simultaneously, and the associated neural differences using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Priming paradigm was adopted in which the inhibition or neutral words were used as primes and the negative picutres were used as targets. In the experiment, the duration time of priming words was manipulated at 33 or 50 ms in the implicit level and 3000 ms in the explicit level. The participants were required to make emotional valence rating of the negative pictures while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The results showed that the participants experienced less negative emotion in inhibition words priming condition contrary to neutral words priming condition. Significant differences were also found in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at the implicit and explicit AER. The findings of this study demonstrate that inhibition words can automatically and effectively reduce an individual’s negative emotion experience, and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been both implicated in self-control during AER.

scholarly journals Simulating Local Deformations in the Human Cortex Due to Blood Flow-Induced Changes in Mechanical Tissue Properties: Impact on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Zoraghi ◽  
Nico Scherf ◽  
Carsten Jaeger ◽  
Ingolf Sack ◽  
Sebastian Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Investigating human brain tissue is challenging due to the complexity and the manifold interactions between structures across different scales. Increasing evidence suggests that brain function and microstructural features including biomechanical features are related. More importantly, the relationship between tissue mechanics and its influence on brain imaging results remains poorly understood. As an important example, the study of the brain tissue response to blood flow could have important theoretical and experimental consequences for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at high spatial resolutions. Computational simulations, using realistic mechanical models can predict and characterize the brain tissue behavior and give us insights into the consequent potential biases or limitations of in vivo, high-resolution fMRI. In this manuscript, we used a two dimensional biomechanical simulation of an exemplary human gyrus to investigate the relationship between mechanical tissue properties and the respective changes induced by focal blood flow changes. The model is based on the changes in the brain’s stiffness and volume due to the vasodilation evoked by neural activity. Modeling an exemplary gyrus from a brain atlas we assessed the influence of different potential mechanisms: (i) a local increase in tissue stiffness (at the level of a single anatomical layer), (ii) an increase in local volume, and (iii) a combination of both effects. Our simulation results showed considerable tissue displacement because of these temporary changes in mechanical properties. We found that the local volume increase causes more deformation and consequently higher displacement of the gyrus. These displacements introduced considerable artifacts in our simulated fMRI measurements. Our results underline the necessity to consider and characterize the tissue displacement which could be responsible for fMRI artifacts.

scholarly journals Orthographic Distinctiveness and Semantic Elaboration Provide Separate Contributions to Memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda A. Kirchhoff ◽  
Melissa L. Schapiro ◽  
Randy L. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Orthographic Distinctiveness ◽  
The Relationship

Orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration both enhance memory. The present behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies examined the relationship between the influences of orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration on memory, and explored whether they make independent contributions. As is typical for manipulations of processing levels, words studied during semantic encoding were better remembered than words studied during nonsemantic encoding. Notably, orthographically distinct words were better recalled and received more remember responses on recognition memory tests than orthographically common words regardless of encoding task, suggesting that orthographic distinctiveness has an additive effect to that of semantic elaboration on memory. In the fMRI study, ortho-graphic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration engaged separate networks of brain regions. Semantic elaboration modulated activity in left inferior prefrontal and lateral temporal regions. In contrast, orthographic distinctiveness modulated activity in distinct bilateral inferior prefrontal, extrastriate, and parietal regions. Orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration appear to have separate behavioral and functional-anatomic contributions to memory.

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