Land allocation and social transformation in inter-war Athens: a study in peripheral urbanization

Urban History ◽

10.1017/s0963926800007495 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 54-73

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Social Transformation ◽

Structural Features ◽

Capital City ◽

Land Allocation ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

European Experience ◽

History Of ◽

Of Greece ◽

Mode Of Production

The inter-war years represented a turning point in Greek urban history as a capitalist mode of production rose to dominance. Yet despite its European location, Greece should be seen as forming part of a capitalist periphery: for a long period of its history, from the late nineteenth century to the mid-1960s, structural features of its economy and social development differed in important respects from those of most other European countries, and in regard to urban development, the history of Athens – the capital city of Greece – provided a pattern that was the reverse of the European experience. The basis of this article, in fact, is the claim that developments affecting inter-war Athens had features in common with a Latin American pattern of ‘peripheral’ urbanization. Amongst the features that will be illustrated in this review of Greek urbanization – based on a study of the history of Athens – will be economic ‘dualism’, the polarization of social classes, and at greater length, the nature of ‘popular’ land allocation.

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Infrastructure

Republics of Knowledge ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181-197

Author(s):

Nicola Miller

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Free Market ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Common Belief ◽

Infrastructure Projects ◽

Role Of The State ◽

History Of ◽

Latin American Countries

This chapter recounts the Latin American countries that welcomed foreign innovation and expertise for technically demanding infrastructure projects. It mentions how the American continent's first railways were built by Spanish American engineers under contract to the respective states, contrary to the common belief that British or US American companies always led the way. It also focuses on the visibility and intensity of public concern about the relationship between science and sovereignty in late nineteenth-century Latin America. The chapter reviews the overlooked history of resistance in Latin American countries on handing over infrastructure projects to private companies, especially if they were foreign owned. It disputes conceptions of the role of the state and provides further evidence for the argument that free-market liberals did not have their own way in nineteenth-century Latin America.

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Zoos in Latin America

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.439 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Regina Horta Duarte

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Social History ◽

Latin American ◽

Animal Rights ◽

Social Transformation ◽

Animal Protection ◽

Global Connections ◽

History Of ◽

High Standards ◽

The 19Th Century

Modern zoos emerged as mass entertainment, spaces of public leisure and of culture. In the past, they served as monuments and expressions of the degree of “civilization” and progress of a city and its respective country. In Latin America, zoos date from the last quarter of the 19th century. The history of Latin American zoos is a political, cultural, and social history. The conditions of their creation and operation over the decades have conferred important specificities to these institutions. Since their inception, zoos in Latin America have reflected nationalistic aspirations, civilizational projects, and social transformation. Over the decades, the history of many zoos has blended with natural history in Latin America, as many zoo founders were important scientists. The development of new sensitivities toward animals also follows the history of zoos in Latin America from the beginning, because the first animal protection societies appeared at the same time. Today, zoos face vigorous claims from animal rights activists calling for their closure. In view of so many challenges, these institutions are reinventing themselves with an increased focus on conservation and environmental education, joining international zoological societies with high standards of quality. Among several of these societies, the Latin American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (ALPZA) stands out. Founded in 1990, ALPZA organizes, reshapes, and integrates Latin American zoos, establishing global connections. Various actors play a role in the defense and contestation of zoos, such as politicians, scientists, conservationists, animal protection societies, anti-zoo activists, visitors, administrators, officials, and, of course, thousands of wild animals from all over the world who have lived in Latin American cities for decades.

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Framing the Latin American nutrition transition in a historical perspective, 1850 to the present

História Ciências Saúde-Manguinhos ◽

10.1590/s0104-59702021000100012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 233-253

Author(s):

Jonathan D. Ablard

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Recent Onset ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Global Food

Abstract This paper argues that many of the foundations and trends that led to the rise in obesity and other diet-related health problems in Latin America began to develop in the late nineteenth century. The tendency towards presentism in the nutrition transition literature provides a much abbreviated and limited history of changes in diet and weight. Whereas medical and nutrition researchers have tended to emphasize the recent onset of the crisis, a historical perspective suggests that increasingly global food sourcing prompted changes in foodways and a gradual “fattening” of Latin America. This paper also provides a methodological and historiographic exploration of how to historicize the nutrition transition, drawing on a diverse array of sources from pre-1980 to the present.

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Maps and the Teaching of Latin American History

Hispanic American Historical Review ◽

10.1215/00182168-1545674 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 213-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jordana Dym ◽

Karl Offen

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

American History ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Colonial Mexico ◽

Resource Extraction ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Latin American History ◽

Research Libraries ◽

History Of Cartography ◽

History Of

Abstract Historical maps deserve a place in the college classroom as primary sources. Since the 1980s, scholarship has shown how maps can be analyzed and interpreted to reveal something not only about the peoples, spaces, and times they portray but also about the societies that create, consume, and contest them. Over the last decade, the maps themselves have become increasingly accessible, as important research libraries and archives digitize their holdings. Yet these graphic texts are not yet staples of college curricula or documentary readers. This essay provides a brief overview of recent research in the history of cartography and presents two examples of map discussion modules for the Latin American history classroom: a demonstration of US neocolonialism, resource extraction, and social change in late nineteenth-century eastern Nicaragua, and a case of urban planning and ideas of order in colonial Mexico City.

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Greece, Uruguay and the British Informal Empire: From National Narratives to Global History

HISTOREIN ◽

10.12681/historein.19500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sakis Gekas ◽

Camila Acosta

Keyword(s):

Living Standards ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Global History ◽

National Narratives ◽

Significant Cost ◽

Market Expansion ◽

Informal Empire ◽

History Of ◽

History Approach ◽

Of Greece

This article adopts a comparative global history approach to reflect on the histories of Greece and Uruguay through the prism of British informal imperial rule. It compares and contrasts the role and impact of the British informal empire on Greece and Uruguay’s economic integration into the globalising economy of the late nineteenth century. The aim of this article is twofold: to reflect on each country’s past to gain a better understanding of them, and to integrate the histories of Greece and Uruguay into the history of globalisation. To achieve this, we examine the place of each country in the globalising economy and the reasons why each country “performed” differently; Uruguay experienced some of the highest living standards in the region and the world while Greece was mired in wars and aggressive nationalist policies that lead to significant territorial (and therefore market) expansion at significant cost to state finances – a history that was marked by economic failures such as the default of 1893. Even that crisis, however, produced different outcomes depending on each country’s place in the globalising British informal empire. This article shows two different paths of integration into a globalising economy shaped by the British financial and commercial order – an order often imposed with consent and occasionally through coercion.

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‘Pure Feelings, Noble Aspirations and Generous Ideas’: The Martí–Dana Friendship and the Cuban War of Independence

Radical Americas ◽

10.14324/111.444.ra.2016.v1.1.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Michael B. Collins

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Latin American ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Jose Marti ◽

War Of Independence ◽

Alternative Vision ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Radical History ◽

Dominant Narratives

This article considers the friendship between the Cuban leader José Martí and the US journalist Charles Anderson Dana in relation to questions of transnationalism, print culture, modernist aesthetics, and the politics of dissent during the era of the Cuban War of Independence (1895–8). It investigates the radical potential and aesthetic difficulties of rendering genuine affection in print at a time in which American friendliness towards Cuba often served to mask imperialist intentions. I offer a reading of Charles Dana’s obituary for José Martí as a text that destabilizes assumptions about Cuban–American relations in the late nineteenth century by presenting an alternative political vision that incorporated the possibility of an autonomous Cuban subjectivity. In doing this, I resurrect the work of Charles Dana as a proto-modernist alternative vision of US culture that deployed the history of American Transcendentalism within the forms of late-nineteenth-century print media to register his opposition to the rise of modern press magnates such as W.R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. This article challenges dominant narratives on two fronts: first, by suggesting an alternative to normative accounts of the development of the late-nineteenth-century commercial press; second, by exploring the mutual interpenetration of Latin American and US American radical history.

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