scholarly journals Differential Associations Between Problem and Pathological Gambling and Psychiatric Disorders in Individuals With and Without Alcohol Abuse or Dependence

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson A. Brewer ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Rani A. Desai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence, alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and problem and/or pathological gambling (PPG) frequently co-occur with each other and other psychiatric disorders. However, prior studies have not investigated the relative influence of AUDs on the associations between PPG and other psychiatric disorders.Methods: Nationally representative data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n=43,093; United States residents ≥18 years of age) was used to examine the influence of AUDs on the associations between gambling and other psychiatric disorders and behaviors. The main outcome measures were co-occurrence of past-year AUD and Axis I and II disorders and severity of gambling based on the 10 inclusionary diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling.Results: Among non-AUD respondents, increasing gambl ing severity was associated with increasingly elevated odds for the majority of Axis I and II disorders. Among AUD respondents, this pattern was typically not observed. Alcohol-by-gambling-group interactions for PPG were also found and the odds of these disorders was significantly increased in non-AUD respondents with PPG, but either unchanged or significantly lower in AUD respondents with PPG.Conclusions: Gambling-related associations exist with multiple psychiatric disorders, but particularly in those without AUD. These associations have important implications with respect to conceptualization, prevention, and treatment of psychiatric disorders in individuals with gambling and/or AUDs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mood, Anxiety, and Alcohol Use Disorders on Smoking Cessation in Cancer Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice A. Blalock ◽  
Cho Lam ◽  
Jennifer A. Minnix ◽  
Maher Karam-Hage ◽  
Ellen R. Gritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Relationship

Smoking is highly prevalent in individuals with psychiatric disorders. The relationship between smoking and anxiety disorders has received less attention than that of depression and substance use disorders, despite the fact that anxiety disorders are the most common of mental illnesses across the globe. In this study, we investigated the relationship between psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, and comorbid combinations of these primary Axis I disorders and smoking cessation, in a cohort of 1,425 cancer patients who were participating in a smoking cessation clinical program. Patients were followed prospectively and assessed for abstinence status at the end of treatment and at 6-month posttreatment. Treatment involved six to eight behavioral smoking cessation counseling sessions over a 12- to 16-week period, and up to 12 weeks of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. We hypothesized that patients with current anxiety disorders as well as other psychiatric disorders would have lower smoking cessation rates than those with no psychiatric disorders. There were no differences in abstinence rates between patients with anxiety disorders and those with no psychiatric disorders at end of treatment or 6 months. Patients with major depression or alcohol abuse had lower cessation rates than patients with no psychiatric disorders at 6 months. Findings suggest that both major depression and alcohol abuse may adversely affect treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, these findings should be considered within the limitations of observational studies that involve comparisons between nonrandomly assigned groups.

scholarly journals Disordered Gambling Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analucía A. Alegría ◽  
Nancy M. Petry ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Shang-Min Liu ◽  
Bridget F. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Prior research suggests that racial minority groups in the United States are more vulnerable to develop a gambling disorder than whites. However, no national survey on gambling disorders exists that has focused on ethnic differences.Methods: Analyses of this study were based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large (N=43,093) nationally representative survey of the adult (≥18 years of age) population residing in house-holds during 2001–2002 period. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision diagnoses of pathological gambling, mood, anxiety, drug use, and personality disorders were based on the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IVVersion.Results: Prevalence rates of disordered gambling among blacks (2.2%) and Native/Asian Americans (2.3%) were higher than that of whites (1.2%). Demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity differed among Hispanic, black, and white disordered gamblers. However, all racial and ethnic groups evidenced similarities with respect to symptom patterns, time course, and treatment seeking for pathological gambling.Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered gambling, but not its onset or course of symptoms, varies by racial and ethnic group. These varying prevalence rates may reflect, at least in part, cultural differences in gambling and its acceptability and accessibility. These data may inform the need for targeted prevention strategies for high-risk racial and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Effects of Childhood Adversity on Bullying and Cruelty to Animals in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 3509-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Brian E. Perron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
States Data ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

This study examined effects of type of and cumulative burden of childhood adversities on bullying and cruelty to animals in the United States. Data were derived from Waves I and II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Structured psychiatric interviews were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Although the effects of childhood adversity diminished with the inclusion of confounding variables, several adversities remained significant. For bullying, these included being made to do chores that were too difficult or dangerous, threatening to hit or throw something, pushing, shoving, slapping, or hitting, and hitting that left bruises, marks, or injuries. With respect to cruelty to animals, swearing and saying hurtful things, having a parent or other adult living within the home that went to jail or prison, and adult/other person fondling/touching in a sexual way were significant. The final models indicated that the cumulative burden of childhood adversities had strong effects on the increased likelihood of bullying behavior but not cruelty to animals.

scholarly journals Associations between Pathological Gambling and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Help-Seeking Populations in Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Elda M. L. Chan ◽  
Ryan H. Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Axis I

Problem gambling is complex and often comorbid with other mental health problems. Unfortunately, gambling studies on comorbid psychiatric disorders among Chinese communities are extremely limited. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers; (b) compare the demographic profiles and clinical features of pathological gamblers with and without comorbid psychiatric disorders; (c) explore the associations between pathological gambling and psychiatric disorders and their temporal relationship. Participants (N=201) who sought gambling counseling were examined by making Axis-I diagnoses including mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and adjustment disorder. Results showed that 63.7% of participants had lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorder. The most common comorbid psychiatric mental disorders were mood disorders, adjustment disorder, and substance use disorders. Pathological gamblers with psychiatric comorbidities were significantly more severe in psychopathology, psychosocial functioning impairment, and gambling problems than those without the disorders.

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