scholarly journals Disordered Gambling Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analucía A. Alegría ◽  
Nancy M. Petry ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Shang-Min Liu ◽  
Bridget F. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Prior research suggests that racial minority groups in the United States are more vulnerable to develop a gambling disorder than whites. However, no national survey on gambling disorders exists that has focused on ethnic differences.Methods: Analyses of this study were based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large (N=43,093) nationally representative survey of the adult (≥18 years of age) population residing in house-holds during 2001–2002 period. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision diagnoses of pathological gambling, mood, anxiety, drug use, and personality disorders were based on the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IVVersion.Results: Prevalence rates of disordered gambling among blacks (2.2%) and Native/Asian Americans (2.3%) were higher than that of whites (1.2%). Demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity differed among Hispanic, black, and white disordered gamblers. However, all racial and ethnic groups evidenced similarities with respect to symptom patterns, time course, and treatment seeking for pathological gambling.Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered gambling, but not its onset or course of symptoms, varies by racial and ethnic group. These varying prevalence rates may reflect, at least in part, cultural differences in gambling and its acceptability and accessibility. These data may inform the need for targeted prevention strategies for high-risk racial and ethnic groups.

Racial Sentiment and Public Support for Arming Teachers with Guns in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 215336872110389
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Baranauskas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Racial Issue ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Negative Feelings

In the effort to prevent school shootings in the United States, policies that aim to arm teachers with guns have received considerable attention. Recent research on public support for these policies finds that African Americans are substantially less likely to support them, indicating that support for arming teachers is a racial issue. Given the racialized nature of support for punitive crime policies in the United States, it is possible that racial sentiment shapes support for arming teachers as well. This study aims to determine the association between two types of racial sentiment—explicit negative feelings toward racial/ethnic minority groups and racial resentment—and support for arming teachers using a nationally representative data set. While explicit negative feelings toward African Americans and Hispanics are not associated with support for arming teachers, those with racial resentments are significantly more likely to support arming teachers. Racial resentment also weakens the effect of other variables found to be associated with support for arming teachers, including conservative ideology and economic pessimism. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Social class versus cultural identity as factors in the residential segregation of ethnic groups in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver for 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Balakrishnan ◽  
Paul Maxim ◽  
Rozzet Jurdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the relevance of the spatial assimilation model in understanding residential segregation of ethnic groups in the three largest gateway cities of Canada. Using data from the census of 2001 it finds that while the model may have worked for the European groups they are less applicable to the visible minorities such as the Chinese, South Asians and Blacks. Residential segregation reduces with generation for the European groups but not for the visible minorities. Canadian patterns seem to be different from that seen in the United States. Many visible minority groups maintain their concentration levels even in the suburbs. The findings seem to indicate that cultural preferences may be just as important as social class in the residential choices of visible minority groups.

Local Origins: Context, Group Identity, and Politics of Place

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Wilcox-Archuleta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Politics Of Place ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Registered Voters

In-group identity is particularly important in understanding political behavior among minority populations living in the United States. Despite its importance, we know relativity little about what explains variation in perceptions of group identity among U.S.-based minority groups. I develop a theoretical framework drawing extensively for social identity theory to explain development of in-group identities among Latinos in the United States. I suggest the availability of neighborhood-level ethnic stimuli increases the likelihood that Latinos will come to see themselves a part of pan-ethnic group rather than a unique individual. I use the 2008 Collaborative Multi-Racial Political Survey (CMPS), a nationally representative public opinion poll of registered voters with oversamples of Latino respondents. I find that the availability of ethnic stimuli positively associates with stronger perceptions of group identity among Latinos. Latinos who live in contexts rich with ethnic stimuli and cues are more likely to adopt in-group identities than those who live in environments lacking ethnically salient resources.

Revisiting the First-Level Digital Divide in the United States: Gender and Race/Ethnicity Patterns, 2007–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Racial Divide

With the narrowing of Internet access divide, researchers have focused on Internet usage, taking for granted access issues. However, questions remain regarding who has Internet access in the United States: What is the status of the racial divide? Is there still a gender divide? How do Latinos compare to other racial and ethnic minority groups? How does gender intersect with race and ethnicity? I analyze nationally representative data to compare Internet access among adults from 2007 to 2012. I find that women are more likely to report having Internet access than men. Blacks and Latinos are equally likely to report having Internet access, and both groups are less likely to report having Internet access than Whites. Finally, Black men exhibited the greatest increase in access. This research complements Internet usage studies with a recent assessment of Internet access trends, important trends to monitor as policies and technological innovations aim for universal access.

scholarly journals Rather than inducing psychological reactance, requiring vaccination strengthens intentions to vaccinate in US populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Albarracin ◽  
Haesung Jung ◽  
Wen Song ◽  
Andy Tan ◽  
Jessica Fishman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Mandates ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractIn a survey and three experiments (one preregistered with a nationally representative sample), we examined if vaccination requirements are likely to backfire, as commonly feared. We investigated if relative to encouraging free choice in vaccination, requiring a vaccine weakens or strengthens vaccination intentions, both in general and among individuals with a predisposition to experience psychological reactance. In the four studies, compared to free choice, requirements strengthened vaccination intentions across racial and ethnic groups, across studies, and across levels of trait psychological reactance. The results consistently suggest that fears of a backlash against vaccine mandates may be unfounded and that requirements will promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the United States.

scholarly journals Priming COVID-19 salience increases prejudice and discriminatory intent against Asians and Hispanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (36) ◽  
pp. e2105125118
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Neeraj Kaushal ◽  
Xiaoning Huang ◽  
S. Michael Gaddis
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Vignette Experiment ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Mounting reports in the media suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified prejudice and discrimination against racial/ethnic minorities, especially Asians. Existing research has focused on discrimination against Asians and is primarily based on self-reported incidents or nonrepresentative samples. We investigate the extent to which COVID-19 has fueled prejudice and discrimination against multiple racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States by examining nationally representative survey data with an embedded vignette experiment about roommate selection (collected in August 2020; n = 5,000). We find that priming COVID-19 salience has an immediate, statistically significant impact: compared to the control group, respondents in the treatment group exhibited increased prejudice and discriminatory intent against East Asian, South Asian, and Hispanic hypothetical room-seekers. The treatment effect is more pronounced in increasing extreme negative attitudes toward the three minority groups than decreasing extreme positive attitudes toward them. This is partly due to the treatment increasing the proportion of respondents who perceive these minority groups as extremely culturally incompatible (Asians and Hispanics) and extremely irresponsible (Asians). Sociopolitical factors did not moderate the treatment effects on attitudes toward Asians, but prior social contact with Hispanics mitigated prejudices against them. These findings suggest that COVID-19–fueled prejudice and discrimination have not been limited to East Asians but are part of a broader phenomenon that has affected Asians generally and Hispanics as well.

scholarly journals Racial Inequality in the Prevalence, Degree, Extension, and Permeation of Incarceration in Family Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

The prevalence, consequences, and unequal racial distribution of the experience of parental and own imprisonment have been well documented in scholarship on mass incarceration in the United States. However, much of our knowledge of the reach of mass incarceration into family life is focused on incarceration of a parent, romantic partner, or child, to the exclusion of other important relationships. Using data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (N=2,029), this study introduces a set of new descriptive measures of family incarceration to provide a comprehensive picture of the demography of family incarceration and its unequal distribution across racial/ethnic groups: degree, generational extension, and permeation. The analysis shows that Black adults in the U.S. are not only more likely to have ever experienced family incarceration but are also likely to have had more family members incarcerated and to have had family members from more generations ever incarcerated than those of other racial and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Differential Associations Between Problem and Pathological Gambling and Psychiatric Disorders in Individuals With and Without Alcohol Abuse or Dependence

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson A. Brewer ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Rani A. Desai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence, alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and problem and/or pathological gambling (PPG) frequently co-occur with each other and other psychiatric disorders. However, prior studies have not investigated the relative influence of AUDs on the associations between PPG and other psychiatric disorders.Methods: Nationally representative data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n=43,093; United States residents ≥18 years of age) was used to examine the influence of AUDs on the associations between gambling and other psychiatric disorders and behaviors. The main outcome measures were co-occurrence of past-year AUD and Axis I and II disorders and severity of gambling based on the 10 inclusionary diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling.Results: Among non-AUD respondents, increasing gambl ing severity was associated with increasingly elevated odds for the majority of Axis I and II disorders. Among AUD respondents, this pattern was typically not observed. Alcohol-by-gambling-group interactions for PPG were also found and the odds of these disorders was significantly increased in non-AUD respondents with PPG, but either unchanged or significantly lower in AUD respondents with PPG.Conclusions: Gambling-related associations exist with multiple psychiatric disorders, but particularly in those without AUD. These associations have important implications with respect to conceptualization, prevention, and treatment of psychiatric disorders in individuals with gambling and/or AUDs.

Adaptation of Chinese Design in Western Contemporary Dress

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hut-Ping Chen ◽  
Lisa A. Shanley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Cultural Experiences

Recently, Asian immigrants have become the largest of the minority groups in some areas of the United States. Increased contact with people from other cultures often influences consumers' behavior. For this reason, it may be important for some firms to adjust their marketing direction to suit the unique shopping behavior of ethnic groups The purpose of this study required adapting Chinese style characteristics into Western contemporary dress. The objectives of the study were to examine whether ethnic identity and cultural experiences influenced subjects' evaluation of Chinese design adapted to contemporary garments. 43 Chinese women and 43 non-Chinese women were shown 4 garments ranging from no ethnic influence to traditional Chinese dress. Increased cultural contact did indeed influence subjects' evaluation of the garments, but ethnic identity was not significantly related to subjects' evaluations of the garments.

scholarly journals Social Support, Coping Behaviors, and Resilience Among African Americans During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Health

Abstract Enduring structural inequalities in the United States by race have only become more apparent during COVID-19, as African Americans experienced significant health and economic challenges that far exceeded those observed among other racial and ethnic groups. Relying on multiple nationally representative surveys, this study examines the diversity of ways in which middle-aged and older African Americans’ managed the stress and pressures associated with the pandemic. I summarize the inequities faced by African Americans before and during COVID-19, as well as trends in the utilization of social support, coping behaviors, and degree of resilience. Furthermore, this study investigates the relationship between social support and coping strategies to multiple health outcomes over time. When appropriate, comparisons to other racial and ethnic groups are made. This research underscores the importance of considering social relationships and modifiable coping behaviors when studying African American aging and well-being during times of crisis.

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