Cerebral Mechanisms in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Goldar ◽  
Dario Rojas ◽  
Mariano Outes
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Cerebral Mechanisms

AbstractBrain lesions cause different level change in cerebral function. They may conflict with the existing antagonistic mechanisms between the dorsal and ventral brain. At a clinical level, a dorsal brain lesion may constitute praxis disorders, while a ventral lesion may represent preventive inhibition. Further instinctive symptoms originate in the cingulate gyrus and its connections with the thalamic peduncle. This area may be an importan obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathway, that is utilized therapeutically during neurosurgical interventions in OCD.

Lesion location and outcome following cingulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Clara Kwon Starkweather ◽  
Sarah K. Bick ◽  
Jeffrey M. McHugh ◽  
Darin D. Dougherty ◽  
Ziv M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cingulum Bundle ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Mri Scans

OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most debilitating and medically refractory psychiatric disorders. While cingulotomy is an anatomically targeted neurosurgical treatment that has shown significant promise in treating OCD-related symptoms, the precise underlying neuroanatomical basis for its beneficial effects has remained poorly understood. Therefore, the authors sought to determine whether lesion location is related to responder status following cingulotomy. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of 18 patients who had undergone cingulotomy. Responders were defined as patients who had at least a 35% improvement in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score. The authors traced the lesion sites on T1-weighted MRI scans and used an anatomical registration matrix generated by the imaging software FreeSurfer to superimpose these lesions onto a template brain. Lesion placement was compared between responders and nonresponders. The placement of lesions relative to various anatomical regions was also compared. RESULTS A decrease in postoperative YBOCS score was significantly correlated with more superiorly placed lesions (decrease −0.52, p = 0.0012). While all lesions were centered within 6 mm of the cingulate sulcus, responder lesions were placed more superiorly and posteriorly along the cingulate sulcus (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.003). The proportions of the cingulum bundle, cingulate gyrus, and paracingulate cortex affected by the lesions were the same between responders and nonresponders. However, all responders had lesions covering a larger subregion of Brodmann area (BA) 32. In particular, responder lesions covered a significantly greater proportion of the posterior BA32 (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.0064). CONCLUSIONS Lesions in patients responsive to cingulotomy tended to be located more superiorly and posteriorly and share greater coverage of a posterior subregion of BA32 than lesions in patients not responsive to this treatment.

Antineuronal Antibodies in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparisons in Children with OCD-only, OCD + Chronic tics and OCD + PANDAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Singer ◽  
C. Gause ◽  
M. Grados
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Aldolase C

We will present a comparison of serum antineuronal antibody profiles in children with OCD-only (n=13), PANDAS + OCD (n=20), CTD + OCD (n=23), and age-matched controls (n=29). Detection methods used to evaluate anti-brain antibodies included immunohistochemistry (striatum), ELISA (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus), and Western immunoblotting (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus).Immunublotting was further used to assess the presence and concentration of putative antigens identified in post-streptococcal patients, i.e., *- and *-enolase, aldolase C, pyruvate kinase M1 and tubulin. Anti-lysoganglioside GM1 activity was measured by competitive inhibition.

scholarly journals Suppression of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms after Head Trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini ◽  
Paria Azari ◽  
Roohollah Abdi ◽  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) encompasses a spectrum of clinical symptoms characterized by unwanted thoughts coupled with an intense compulsion to act and to repeat behavior fragments in a ritualistic and stereotyped sequence. Obsessive-compulsive symptom due to brain lesions is not rare, but suppression of these symptoms after head trauma is very rare and we found only 3 cases in review of literatures from 1966 to 2001. The case of a patient suffering with severe OCD is described of note; her symptoms disappeared following right temporo-parietofrontal lesion.

The Neurology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Hymas
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cerebral Mechanisms

AbstractOver the last two decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in cerebral mechanisms underlying many psychiatric disorders. The changes in our understanding of the syndrome called obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reflect this shift of perspective. Although OCD remains a syndrome that is quintessentially psychiatric, it has been increasingly recognized that it also has a neurological dimension that merits study in its own right, using the concepts and tools of clinical neurology.

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