Antineuronal Antibodies in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparisons in Children with OCD-only, OCD + Chronic tics and OCD + PANDAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Singer ◽  
C. Gause ◽  
M. Grados
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Aldolase C

We will present a comparison of serum antineuronal antibody profiles in children with OCD-only (n=13), PANDAS + OCD (n=20), CTD + OCD (n=23), and age-matched controls (n=29). Detection methods used to evaluate anti-brain antibodies included immunohistochemistry (striatum), ELISA (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus), and Western immunoblotting (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus).Immunublotting was further used to assess the presence and concentration of putative antigens identified in post-streptococcal patients, i.e., *- and *-enolase, aldolase C, pyruvate kinase M1 and tubulin. Anti-lysoganglioside GM1 activity was measured by competitive inhibition.

Increased serum drug concentrations in concomitant treatment with citalopram, clomipramine and alprazolam

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
U Lepola ◽  
E Leinonen ◽  
H Koponen
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Drug Concentrations

SummaryWe report the case of a patient with major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder who had simultaneously high serum citalopram, clomipramine, and alprazolam concentrations probably due to the reciprocal competitive inhibition of the cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidative metabolism.

Cerebral Mechanisms in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Goldar ◽  
Dario Rojas ◽  
Mariano Outes
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Cerebral Mechanisms

AbstractBrain lesions cause different level change in cerebral function. They may conflict with the existing antagonistic mechanisms between the dorsal and ventral brain. At a clinical level, a dorsal brain lesion may constitute praxis disorders, while a ventral lesion may represent preventive inhibition. Further instinctive symptoms originate in the cingulate gyrus and its connections with the thalamic peduncle. This area may be an importan obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathway, that is utilized therapeutically during neurosurgical interventions in OCD.

scholarly journals Incidence of anti-brain antibodies in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell C. Dale ◽  
Isobel Heyman ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Andrew J. Church
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Sydenham’S Chorea ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Sydenham's Chorea

BackgroundObsessions and compulsions may occur in the post-streptococcal disorders Sydenham's chorea and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus (PANDAS). The proposed mediators are anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA)AimsWe tested the hypothesis that post-streptococcal autoimmunity may have a role in ‘idiopathic’ obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)MethodWe examined 50 children with OCD for ABGA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western immunoblotting. The findings were compared with paediatric autoimmune (n=50), neurological (n=100) and streptococcal (n=40) controls.ResultsThe mean ABGA binding on ELISA was elevated in the patient cohort compared with all control groups (P<0.005 in all comparisons). Western immunoblotting revealed positive antibody binding (as seen in Sydenham's chorea) in 42% of the patient cohort compared with 2–10% of control groups (P<0.001 in all comparisons)ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that central nervous system autoimmunity may have a role in a significant subgroup of cases of OCD. Further study is required to examine whether the antibodies concerned are pathogenic.

Antineuronal antibodies in a group of children with obsessive–compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Morer ◽  
Luisa Lázaro ◽  
Lidia Sabater ◽  
Joan Massana ◽  
Josefina Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Lesion location and outcome following cingulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Clara Kwon Starkweather ◽  
Sarah K. Bick ◽  
Jeffrey M. McHugh ◽  
Darin D. Dougherty ◽  
Ziv M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cingulum Bundle ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Mri Scans

OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most debilitating and medically refractory psychiatric disorders. While cingulotomy is an anatomically targeted neurosurgical treatment that has shown significant promise in treating OCD-related symptoms, the precise underlying neuroanatomical basis for its beneficial effects has remained poorly understood. Therefore, the authors sought to determine whether lesion location is related to responder status following cingulotomy. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of 18 patients who had undergone cingulotomy. Responders were defined as patients who had at least a 35% improvement in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score. The authors traced the lesion sites on T1-weighted MRI scans and used an anatomical registration matrix generated by the imaging software FreeSurfer to superimpose these lesions onto a template brain. Lesion placement was compared between responders and nonresponders. The placement of lesions relative to various anatomical regions was also compared. RESULTS A decrease in postoperative YBOCS score was significantly correlated with more superiorly placed lesions (decrease −0.52, p = 0.0012). While all lesions were centered within 6 mm of the cingulate sulcus, responder lesions were placed more superiorly and posteriorly along the cingulate sulcus (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.003). The proportions of the cingulum bundle, cingulate gyrus, and paracingulate cortex affected by the lesions were the same between responders and nonresponders. However, all responders had lesions covering a larger subregion of Brodmann area (BA) 32. In particular, responder lesions covered a significantly greater proportion of the posterior BA32 (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.0064). CONCLUSIONS Lesions in patients responsive to cingulotomy tended to be located more superiorly and posteriorly and share greater coverage of a posterior subregion of BA32 than lesions in patients not responsive to this treatment.

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