P.6.028 H-MR-Spectroscopy in obsessive compulsive disorder: Evidence for neuronal loss in the cingulate gyrus and the right striatum

AbstractBrain lesions cause different level change in cerebral function. They may conflict with the existing antagonistic mechanisms between the dorsal and ventral brain. At a clinical level, a dorsal brain lesion may constitute praxis disorders, while a ventral lesion may represent preventive inhibition. Further instinctive symptoms originate in the cingulate gyrus and its connections with the thalamic peduncle. This area may be an importan obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathway, that is utilized therapeutically during neurosurgical interventions in OCD.

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Antineuronal Antibodies in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparisons in Children with OCD-only, OCD + Chronic tics and OCD + PANDAS

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70408-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Singer ◽

C. Gause ◽

M. Grados

Keyword(s):

Pyruvate Kinase ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Western Immunoblotting ◽

Antineuronal Antibodies ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Aldolase C

We will present a comparison of serum antineuronal antibody profiles in children with OCD-only (n=13), PANDAS + OCD (n=20), CTD + OCD (n=23), and age-matched controls (n=29). Detection methods used to evaluate anti-brain antibodies included immunohistochemistry (striatum), ELISA (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus), and Western immunoblotting (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus).Immunublotting was further used to assess the presence and concentration of putative antigens identified in post-streptococcal patients, i.e., *- and *-enolase, aldolase C, pyruvate kinase M1 and tubulin. Anti-lysoganglioside GM1 activity was measured by competitive inhibition.

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Differential patterns of brain activation between hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder during executive performance

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719000515 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 666-673

Author(s):

Maria Suñol ◽

Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽

Maria Picó-Pérez ◽

Clara López-Solà ◽

Eva Real ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Error Processing ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Hoarding Disorder ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Executive Performance ◽

Response Switching ◽

The Right

AbstractBackgroundPreliminary evidence suggests that hoarding disorder (HD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may show distinct patterns of brain activation during executive performance, although results have been inconclusive regarding the specific neural correlates of their differential executive dysfunction. In the current study, we aim to evaluate differences in brain activation between patients with HD, OCD and healthy controls (HCs) during response inhibition, response switching and error processing.MethodsWe assessed 17 patients with HD, 18 patients with OCD and 19 HCs. Executive processing was assessed inside a magnetic resonance scanner by means of two variants of a cognitive control protocol (i.e. stop- and switch-signal tasks), which allowed for the assessment of the aforementioned executive domains.ResultsOCD patients performed similar to the HCs, differing only in the number of successful go trials in the switch-signal task. However, they showed an anomalous hyperactivation of the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex during error processing in the switch-signal task. Conversely, HD patients performed worse than OCD and HC participants in both tasks, showing an impulsive-like pattern of response (i.e. shorter reaction time and more commission errors). They also exhibited hyperactivation of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex during successful response switching and abnormal deactivation of frontal regions during error processing in both tasks.ConclusionsOur results support that patients with HD and OCD present dissimilar cognitive profiles, supported by distinct neural mechanisms. Specifically, while alterations in HD resemble an impulsive pattern of response, patients with OCD present increased error processing during response conflict protocols.

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and the Right Hemisphere: Topographic Analysis of Lesions After Anterior Capsulotomy Performed with Thermocoagulation

Advances in Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 12 ◽

10.1007/978-3-7091-6513-3_11 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 61-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bodo Lippitz ◽

P. Mindus ◽

B. A. Meyerson ◽

L. Kihlström ◽

Ch. Lindquist

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Topographic Analysis ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

The Right ◽

Anterior Capsulotomy

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Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.08.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rémy Bation ◽

Marine Mondino ◽

Florent Le Camus ◽

Mohamed Saoud ◽

Jerome Brunelin

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe mental disorder with poor response to the available treatments. Neuroimaging studies have identified dysfunctions within the orbito-fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic network in patients with OCD. Here, we assessed the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied with the cathode over the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the anode over the right cerebellum to decrease OCD symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Methods: In a randomized sham-controlled double-blind study, 21 patients with OCD were assigned to receive ten 20-min sessions (two sessions per day) of either active (2 mA) or sham tDCS. The clinical symptoms were measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive and Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Acute effects on the symptoms were measured from baseline to immediately after the 10 tDCS sessions. Long-lasting effects were measured 1 and 3 months after the 10th tDCS session. Results: Compared with the sham tDCS, active tDCS significantly decreased OCD symptoms immediately after the 10th tDCS session (F(1,19) = 5.26, p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed between the active and sham groups in terms of changes in YBOCS score or the number of responders one and 3 months after tDCS. Conclusion: Despite significant acute effects, tDCS with the cathode placed over the left OFC and the anode placed over the right cerebellum was not significantly effective in inducing a long-lasting reduction of symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant OCD.

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The experiences of help-seeking in people with obsessive compulsive disorder: an internet survey

The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist ◽

10.1017/s1754470x1600009x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thanh Mai Vuong ◽

Judith Gellatly ◽

Karina Lovell ◽

Penny Bee

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Mental Health Disorder ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

The Right

AbstractObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder, with prevalence in adults of around 3.1%. The social and economic consequences of OCD are high for patients and their families. It is unlikely to improve without treatment. Help-seeking for treatment is often delayed and studies have found an average treatment gap of up to 17 years. This study aimed to explore the factors that influenced how, when and why people sought help and to identify any issues that they faced during help-seeking. Individuals experiencing OCD were invited to complete a web-based survey hosted on a national OCD charity website over a 3-month period. Eighty-eight individuals took part. Most had sought help from their general practitioner (GP), while others accessed websites and private services. Lack of awareness and understanding by health professionals was reported as a problem, as was the speed of referral or getting the right treatment. There is a need for further training and education for health professionals and GPs. Education and awareness campaigns for the general public, with more focus on how help can be sought, and on the different types of OCD may contribute to improving recognition of symptoms and accessing timely help.

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Distinct Effects of Social Stress on Working Memory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Neuroscience Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s12264-020-00579-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qianqian Li ◽

Jun Yan ◽

Jinmin Liao ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Lijun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Supplementary Motor Area ◽

Motor Area ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

The Right

Abstract Stress might exaggerate the compulsion and impair the working memory of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study evaluated the effect of stress on the cognitive neural processing of working memory in OCD and its clinical significance using a “number calculation working memory” task. Thirty-eight patients and 55 gender- and education-matched healthy controls were examined. Stress impaired the performance of the manipulation task in patients. Healthy controls showed less engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum during the task under stress versus less stress, which was absent in the patients with OCD. The diagnosis × stress interaction effect was significant in the right fusiform, supplementary motor area, precentral cortex and caudate. The failure of suppression of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum and stress-related hyperactivation in the right fusiform, supplementary motor area, precentral cortex, and caudate might be an OCD-related psychopathological and neural response to stress.

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