scholarly journals Psychophysiological, Behavioral, and Cognitive Indices of the Emotional Response: A Factor-Analytic Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
José María Martínez-Selva ◽  
Ginesa Torrente ◽  
Francisco Román
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Startle Blink ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Previous research on the components of the emotional response employing factor analytic studies has yielded a two-factor structure (Lang, Greenwald, Bradley, & Hamm, 1993; Cuthbert, Schupp, Bradley, Birbaumer, & Lang, 2000). However, the startle blink reflex, a widely employed measure of the emotional response, has not been considered to date. We decided to include two parameters of the startle reflex (magnitude and latency) in order to explore further how this response fits into the two-factor model of emotion. We recorded the acoustic startle blink response, skin conductance response, heart rate, free viewing time, and picture valence and arousal ratings of 45 subjects while viewing 54 pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; 18 unpleasant, 18 neutral, and 18 pleasant). Factorizations of all measures gave a two-factor solution (valence and arousal) that accounted for 70% of the variance. Although some measurements, including heart rate change, did not behave as predicted, our results reinforce the two-dimension model of the emotion, and show that startle fits into the model.

scholarly journals The Effect of Content and Physical Properties of Affective Pictures on Emotional Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
José María Martínez-Selva ◽  
Francisco Román ◽  
Ginesa Torrente
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Affective Content ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Startle Blink ◽  
Formal Properties

The aim of this research was to study the influence of both the emotional content and the physical characteristics of affective stimuli on the psychophysiological, behavioral and cognitive indexes of the emotional response. We selected 54 pictures from the IAPS, depicting unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant contents, and used two picture sizes as experimental conditions (120 × 90 cm and 52 × 42 cm). Sixty-one subjects were randomly assigned to each experimental condition. We recorded the startle blink reflex, skin conductance response, heart rate, free viewing time, and picture valence and arousal ratings. In line with previous research (e.g., Bradley, Codispoti, Cuthbert, & Lang, 2001), our data showed an effect of the affective content on all the measurements recorded. Importantly, effects of the size of the affective pictures on emotional responses were not found, indicating that the emotional content is more important than the formal properties of the stimuli in evoking the emotional response.

scholarly journals Effect of congruence between sound and video on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-631
Author(s):  
Sebastián Calderón ◽  
Raúl Rincón ◽  
Andrés Araujo ◽  
Carlos Gantiva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Bimodal Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Most studies of emotional responses have used unimodal stimuli (e.g., pictures or sounds) or congruent bimodal stimuli (e.g., video clips with sound), but little is known about the emotional response to incongruent bimodal stimuli. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of congruence between auditory and visual bimodal stimuli on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotional dimension, valence and arousal. Subjects listened to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant sounds, accompanied by videos with and without content congruence, and heart rate was recorded. Dimensions of valence and arousal of each bimodal stimulus were then self-reported. The results showed that heart rate depends of the valence of the sounds but not of the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. The valence and arousal scores changed depending on the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. These results suggest that the congruence of bimodal stimuli affects the subjective perception of emotion.

Emotional Experiences of Students in the Classroom

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimu Ahmed ◽  
Greetje van der Werf ◽  
Alexander Minnaert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Stimulated Recall ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we report on a multimethod qualitative study designed to explore the emotional experiences of students in the classroom setting. The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to explore the correspondence among nonverbal expressions, subjective feelings, and physiological reactivity (heart rate changes) of students’ emotions in the classroom; (2) to examine the relationship between students’ emotions and their competence and value appraisals; and (3) to determine whether task difficulty matters in emotional experiences. We used multiple methods (nonverbal coding scheme, video stimulated recall interview, and heart rate monitoring) to acquire data on emotional experiences of six grade 7 students. Concurrent correspondence analyses of the emotional indices revealed that coherence between emotional response systems, although apparent, is not conclusive. The relationship between appraisals and emotions was evident, but the effect of task difficulty appears to be minimal.

Heart-rate change as a component of the orienting response.

1966 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances K. Graham ◽  
Rachel K. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Rate Change

Control of ventilation in elite synchronized swimmers

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Bjurstrom ◽  
R. B. Schoene
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Control Of Ventilation

Synchronized swimmers perform strenuous underwater exercise during prolonged breath holds. To investigate the role of the control of ventilation and lung volumes in these athletes, we studied the 10 members of the National Synchronized Swim Team including an olympic gold medalist and 10 age-matched controls. We evaluated static pulmonary function, hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives, and normoxic and hyperoxic breath holding. Synchronized swimmers had an increased total lung capacity and vital capacity compared with controls (P less than 0.005). The hypoxic ventilatory response (expressed as the hyperbolic shape parameter A) was lower in the synchronized swimmers than controls with a mean value of 29.2 +/- 2.6 (SE) and 65.6 +/- 7.1, respectively (P less than 0.001). The hypercapnic ventilatory response [expressed as S, minute ventilation (1/min)/alveolar CO2 partial pressure (Torr)] was no different between synchronized swimmers and controls. Breath-hold duration during normoxia was greater in the synchronized swimmers, with a mean value of 108.6 +/- 4.8 (SE) vs. 68.03 +/- 8.1 s in the controls (P less than 0.001). No difference was seen in hyperoxic breath-hold times between groups. During breath holding synchronized swimmers demonstrated marked apneic bradycardia expressed as either absolute or heart rate change from basal heart rate as opposed to the controls, in whom heart rate increased during breath holds. Therefore the results show that elite synchronized swimmers have increased lung volumes, blunted hypoxic ventilatory responses, and a marked apneic bradycardia that may provide physiological characteristics that offer a competitive advantage for championship performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals A quantitative analysis of ventilation tachycardia and its control in two chelonians, Pseudemys scripta and Testudo graeca

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Burggren
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Pseudemys Scripta ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Affect Heart Rate

1. In both the turtle, Pseudemys scripta, and the tortoise, Testudo graeca, lung ventilation is closely accompanied by a tachycardia of predictable magnitude and duration. 2. Efferent vagal activity progressively decreases as heart rate increases with the onset of lung ventilation. Atropine decreases heart rate during apnoea to those levels observed during prolonged breathing series when the development, duration or magnitude of ventilation tachycardia. It is thus concluded that heart rate change during chelonian lung ventilation is mediated solely by alterations in vagal tone. 3. Peripheral sensory reflexes involving pulmonary stretch receptors, arterial chemoreceptors and baroreceptors, and receptors stimulated by water immersion do not affect heart rate during breathing. It is suggested that ventilation tachycardia in these chelonians is the result of the spread of activity between the respiratory and cardiac centres of the medulla.

Heart Rate, Recall, and Reaction-Time Measures of Levels of Processing

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Shangi ◽  
J. P. Das ◽  
R. Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Rate Acceleration ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Intentional Condition ◽  
Incidental Condition

A problem of circularity emerges in any attempt to index depth by retention alone. In the present study, reaction time (RT), and heart-rate response were used to index the three qualitatively distinct levels of physical, phonemic, and semantic processing. An additional objective was to distinguish between the three levels under incidental vs intentional learning conditions. Subjects were 46 male undergraduates who were given 30 trials. A trial consisted of the presentation of an orienting question and an imperative word-stimulus separated by a 6-sec. interval. There were three types of questions in order to induce processing to one of the three target levels. The results indicated that recall as well as heart-rate acceleration distinguished between two (physical vs phonemic and semantic) rather than three levels of processing in the incidental condition. Heart-rate change differentiated between incidental and intentional, the intentional condition showing a smaller change. Semantic and phonemic RTs were faster than physical RT, but there were no differences between semantic and phonemic RTs. Intentional recall was superior to incidental recall. It is suggested that psychophysiological indices can provide independent evidence for ‘levels of processing.’

A prospective randomised study on efficacy of music for decreasing preoperative anxiety in children

2020 ◽  
pp. 175045892093978
Author(s):  
Cynthia V Nguyen ◽  
Madeleine Alvin ◽  
Carol Lee ◽  
Darrell George ◽  
Allison Gilmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Music Medicine ◽  
Significant Difference

Background The operating room can be a frightening environment for paediatric patients. This study investigated whether music medicine can mitigate preoperative anxiety in children. Materials and methods One hundred and fifty children undergoing general anaesthesia were randomised to listen to music of the child’s choice, lullaby music or no music before induction. Heart rates were measured in the waiting room, upon first entry into the operating room and just prior to induction. Results There was no significant difference in average heart rate change from the waiting room to induction in the patient choice, lullaby and control groups. Older age was associated with higher heart rate changes between baseline and entering the operating room. Pharmacologic sedation showed a significant beneficial effect on heart rate change at induction. Conclusion Use of music medicine in the operating room does not show efficacy to reduce anxiety in children based on heart rate changes.

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